Symposium FJ
High-entropy Energy Harvesting: Theory, State-of-the-art Materials, Nanogenerators and Self-powered Systems
ABSTRACTS
Session FJ-1 Mechanism of triboelectrification and piezoelectric effects
FJ-1:IL01 Tribopotential Modulated Field Effect Transistor and Interactive Neuromorphic Transistors
QIJUN SUN, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Fully imitating functions of biological synapses or afferents is critical to the evolution of neuromorphic computation and artificial intelligence. Benefiting from recent progress in bioinspired sensors, artificial synapses and interactive systems, more intelligent neuromorphic devices (or systems) capable of processing sensing signals and delivering interactive feedback are urgent to be developed and have been rapidly emerging recently. Different types of electronic devices (e.g., memristor, ionic devices, floating-gate transistor) have been demonstrated to successfully mimic synaptic functions assisted with electrical, optical and mechanical plasticization. Integration with sensory, processing, and actuating components further endows the traditional neuromorphic devices with more complete bionic somatosensory ability. The seamless and adaptive interactions between neuromorphic synaptic devices and external environment is believed to be essential in establishing future brain-like computers and artificial intelligent systems. This presentation will introduce interactive neuromorphic synaptic devices and systems based on our recent research work of artificial afferents, bioinspired analogous nerves, myoelectric-mechanical interface, etc. This talk will mainly cover the significant progress concerning on artificial synapses correlated with mechanical, optical, pressure and strain trigger-signals. Based on our researches of artificial afferent, mechanoplastic neuromorphic devices, and bioinspired mechano-photonic synapses, “interactive neuromorphic device” will be the core in this presentation. This talk will start from the principle of neurosynaptic devices activated by different sensing signals and introduce the influence of external signals on synaptic plasticity. It will also introduce the research progress of interactive neuromorphic synaptic devices/systems inspired by pressure, touch, displacement, light, heat, and mixed signals, and look forward to the future applications of interactive neuromorphic synaptic devices/systems. The interactive neuromorphic synaptic device will involve electronic devices, neuromorphic computation, sensors, and human-machine interactions, which is highly promising for revolutionary artificial synapse and neuromorphic systems.
FJ-1:IL02 Triboelectric Generation in Harsh Environments: From Fundamental Concepts to Applications
C. RODRIGUES, C. CALLATY, G. ROUXINOL, J. VENTURA, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Micro and nano-generators, able to harvest energy from the environment, have been attracting large interest because they are green, sustainable and cost-efficient energy sources that can be easily integrated in common electronic gadgets. A major disruption in the field of mechanical energy harvesting occurred in 2012 when the first triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was invented by bringing together triboelectrification and electrostatic induction effects. However, although critical to enable autonomous operation in different sensing systems, energy harvesting in harsh and remote environments remains a major challenge. Here, through numerical simulations, laboratory experiments and tests in relevant conditions we explore the development of TENG-based solutions tailored for operation in extreme environments, aiming to expand their practical applicability across diverse real-world scenarios. We demonstrate TENGs operating under oil & gas conditions, withstanding up to 830 bar and 120 °C in direct exposure to methane and crude oil. Additionally, we introduce a hybrid TENG system that integrates thermomagnetic effects to continuously generate power from small temperature gradients near room temperature. Finally, we present wave-driven TENGs embedded in scaled navigation buoys.
Session FJ-2 High-entropy energy harvesting materials
FJ-2:IL05 Biomass Based Skin-integrated Triboelectric Sensors
WENZHUO WU, Edwardson School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
The capability of sensor systems to efficiently scavenge their operational power from stray, weak environmental energies through sustainable pathways could enable viable schemes for self‐powered health diagnostics and therapeutics. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) can effectively transform otherwise wasted environmental mechanical energy into electrical power. However, obstacles hindering the development of efficient triboelectric devices based on biocompatible materials continue to prevail. I will discuss our recent progress in the design and engineering of biomaterials for biocompatible, wearable triboelectric devices. Such wearable devices are conformable to human skins and can sustainably perform non-invasive functions by harvesting the operation power from the human body. The gained fundamental understanding and demonstrated capabilities enable the rational design and holistic engineering of novel materials for more capable biocompatible triboelectric devices that can continuously monitor vital physiological signals for creating unprecedented diagnostic tools for diagnosis, interpretation, and prediction of human status in ubiquitous resource-constrained conditions.
FJ-2:IL06 Magnetically Actuated Energy Conversion Devices: Magneto-Mechano-Electric and Luminescent Energy Generators
JUNGHO RYU, Yeungnam University, Korea; DAE-YONG JEONG, In
Among the various energy harvesting resources for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for the Internet of Things (IoT) and remote monitoring devices, the magnetic noise produced by power transmission infrastructures and the associated mechanical vibrations are ubiquitous energy sources that could be converted into electricity using energy conversion materials or devices. In this presentation, the status and prospects of magnetoelectric (ME) composites and an emerging magnetic energy harvesting technology, the so-called magneto-mechano-electric (MME) generators and magneto-luminescence device with MME, will be reviewed. An MME generator is an effective way to get an improved electric power density using with ME composite composed of piezoelectric single crystal and magnetostrictive shim. Since the piezoelectric phase in the MME generator also responds directly to mechanical vibration, an ME-based energy harvester can harness energy from both mechanical vibrations and magnetic fields simultaneously. The MME generator has the potential to be a ubiquitous power source for WSNs and low-power electronic devices and self powering means for high efficient magneto-luminance device by harvesting energy from the weak magnetic fields present as parasitic magnetic noise in ambient environments.
FJ-2:IL07 High-Entropy Liquid Metal Systems for High-Value Chemical Conversions
K. KALANTAR-ZADEH, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
Chemical transformations account for a major share of global greenhouse gas emissions and industrial energy consumption. Traditional solid-state catalysts rely on rigid atomic lattices that define fixed active sites, limiting their adaptability, efficiency, and selectivity. Liquid metals, composed of metals and alloys that remain fluid at or near room temperature, present a fundamentally different paradigm. Their atomic interfaces are dynamic, continuously reorganizing in response to reactants and intermediates. This behavior embodies a form of atomic intelligence, spontaneous, reaction-driven rearrangement of surface atoms to establish energetically favorable catalytic environments. Such adaptability enables real-time modulation of reaction pathways, supports unconventional mechanisms, and facilitates transformations unattainable with static solids. This presentation explores how atomic intelligence governs catalysis in liquid metals through reaction-induced atomic reconfiguration, single-atom dynamics, and entropy-driven interfacial processes.
FJ-2:IL08 Architected Ferroelectric Ceramics and High-Performance Piezoelectric Composites for Sustainable Energy Harvesting
MISO KIM, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Ferroelectric ceramics have long served as core materials for high-performance dielectric and piezoelectric applications, and their importance continues to grow as energy harvesting systems become increasingly architected and multifunctional. Recent developments in additive manufacturing, particularly digital light processing (DLP), have opened new opportunities by enabling complex three-dimensional geometries and free-form ferroelectric structures that were previously inaccessible. Owing to its rapid, layer-by-layer photopolymerization and compatibility with ceramic-loaded photocurable suspensions, DLP provides a versatile platform for fabricating ferroelectric ceramic composites and architected 3D structures with enhanced functionality. In this presentation, I will introduce our recent advances in BaTiO₃- and (K,Na)NbO₃-based ceramic composites for flexible capacitive sensing, as well as optimized processing strategies for high-quality ferroelectric and piezoelectric 3D-printed structures. I will further describe our closed-loop recycling route for DLP-printed ceramic composites, in which both ceramic fillers and resin can be fully recovered, reprocessed, reprinted, and successfully employed as high-performance electrodes for triboelectric nanogenerators. In addition to our additive manufacturing efforts, we have also explored flexible, high-performance single-crystal-based piezoelectric composites for energy harvesting, where material reuse, interfacial engineering, and structural optimization collectively enable unprecedented output performance. By integrating architected ceramics with advanced composite design, our work demonstrates multiple pathways toward sustainable and high-efficiency energy harvesting technologies.
FJ-2:IL09 Liquid Metal Catalysts Towards Sustainability
T. DAENEKE, RMIT University, School of Engineering, Melbourne, Australia
Liquid metals are an emerging class of compounds that are liquid close to room temperature yet exhibit metallic conductivity. Liquid metals have found application in the design of flexible and reconfigurable electronics and more recently emerged as a platform for the synthesis of nano-structures as well as a unique class of catalysts that is extraordinarily resilient towards deactivation. In comparison to other liquids such as covalent solvents and ionic liquids, comparatively little is known about the chemistry that occurs inside molten metals. This talk covers the emerging picture of liquid metal chemistry and will report our most recent results for solid-metal-in-liquid-metal colloidal systems. This talk will also draw on our recent results in the area of CO2 reduction to graphene, liquid metal electrocatalysts and NH3 synthesis.
FJ-2:IL10 Enhancing Power Output of Triboelectric Nanogenerators through Electrode Engineering and Materials Integration
G. PACE, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems - National Research Council (IMM-CNR), Agrate Brianza, Milan, Italy
Novel wearable, flexible technologies require minimal power (few μW), driving the search for sustainable energy sources beyond batteries. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are low-cost, green solutions that efficiently convert mechanical energy into electrical power. Various methods have been explored to enhance TENGs, such as novel device architectures and tribomaterial modifications. This work focuses on the impact of electrode work function, capacitance, and electrochemical capacitance on TENG power output. We explore how the interface between tribomaterials and electrodes can be optimized using doped graphene and 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs). The semiconductive properties of doped graphene and the phase and metal composition of 2D-TMDs are critical factors in performance.[1] Additionally, we examine the role of novel hydrogel materials in TENG-based tactile sensors and e-skin. Key factors such as adhesion, water retention, and electrolytic capacitance are discussed. [2] This work offers guidelines for designing self-powered devices, promoting the transition to sustainable technologies.
[1] G. Pace et al, Nano Energy 2020; Nano Energy 2021; Advanced Materials 2023. [2] G. Pace et al, Advanced Materials 2024.
FJ-2:IL11 Energy Harvesting and Nanogenerators Based on Biopolymers and Biomimetic Structures
CHANG KYU JEONG, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
An intimate contact interface between wearable energy harvesting devices and nonflat human surfaces is critical for harvesting energy from the body’s movements. The device can only absorb the deformation strain under stable interfacial adhesion to biological surfaces. Past developments have mainly examined the active layer of such devices, but the device/body adhesive interface effects are rarely considered. Here, we introduce a hierarchically arrayed bio-inspired patterns formed on piezoelectric composite patch or triboelectric surface devices. They enable robust wet adhesion to skin because its dome-like architecture achieves interfacial adhesion by generating cohesive forces among liquid molecules. We used finite element method simulation to investigate decohesion behaviors with bending-induced stress distribution. Hydrogel based new-type energy harvesting and self-powered sensors are also presented. The biomaterials and biomimetics can be considered as high-entropy systems.
FJ-2:L12 Tribovoltaic Nanogenerators at Contact-separation Mode
XIONG PU, JIA MENG, ZHONG LIN WANG, Beijing Key Laboratory of High-Entropy Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Tribovoltaic effect is recently found at the dynamic semiconductor interface for mechanical energy harvesting, which is of great fundamental and practical importance for developing a variety of functional devices; yet, it can be coupled with a series of different physical effects, and the performances need to be further improved. In this presentation, we will present the improved electrical outputs, device flexibility, durability of tribovoltaic nanogenerators (TVNG) working at contact-separation mode. By virtue of the used polymer semiconductors, flexible textile TVNGs are fabricated for harvesting daily motion energies of human body. More importantly, TVNG at contact-separation mode allows the fundamental mechanism studies, because some of the physical effects can be distinguished or avoided, such as tibo-electrostatic effect, mechanical friction effect, or tribo-thermal effect. We show that tuning the humidity, external load resistance and pressure force can reveal the coupling characteristics of these effects. Lastly, we demonstrate high-output and durable TVNGs are achieved at contact-separation mode. Our work provides insights to the mechanism of tribovoltaic effects and practical guidance for high-performances tribovoltaic devices.
FJ-2:L13 Electrochemical Heat Harvesting and Cooling
BOYANG YU, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Harvesting ubiquitous heat from natural and human activities (e.g., solar/ocean thermal energy, industrial/electronic waste heat, and body heat) into electricity holds the promise for powering the Internet of Things. Unfortunately, this heat is distributed near ambient temperature, making it inaccessible to conventional heat engines with high operating temperature and complex configuration, and thus is almost wasted. Utilizing the temperature dependence of electrochemical redox potentials, emerging thermogalvanic cells provide a cheap, eco-friendly, flexible, and scalable way to heat harvesting and cooling. Nevertheless, the limited energy conversion efficiency is a critical challenge for practical applications. In this speech, our efforts in developing high-performance thermogalvanic cells will be presented, from fundamental mechanism innovation to material design and device construction, and towards diverse applications.
Session FJ-3 Nanogenerators and self-powered systems
FJ-3:IL14 Nanostructured Halide Perovskites by Vacuum and Plasma Technology: From Stable Photoluminescence to Polarization Response
J. CASTILLO-SEOANE1, J. DELGADO-ALVAREZ1, L. CONTRERAS-BERNAL1,2, J.M. OBRERO-PEREZ1, X. GARCÍA-CASAS1, J.P. ESPINÓS1, F.J. APARICIO1, T.C. ROJAS1, Á. BARRANCO1, A. BORRÁS1, J.R. SANCHEZ-VALENCIA1, 1Institute of Materials Science of Seville, Spanish National Research Council, CSIC, Seville, Spain; 2Dpto. Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
Halide perovskites (HPs) are emerging as versatile materials for optoelectronic applications due to their tunable bandgap, strong photoluminescence, and ease of processing. In our laboratory, we explore advanced nanoengineering strategies, based on vacuum-based methods, to unlock the full potential of HPs beyond photovoltaics. Key challenges in the field, such as environmental instability and limited control over light polarization, can be effectively addressed through these approaches. For instance, a soft-template method combining thermal evaporation and plasma-enhanced deposition enables the fabrication of core@shell 1D architectures with enhanced photoluminescence and long-term stability. Additionally, Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) allows the growth of anisotropic nanowalls with polarization-sensitive optical properties, enabling self-powered photodetectors. These techniques offer precise control over morphology and crystallinity, are scalable, and compatible with CMOS and roll-to-roll technologies. Our results open new pathways for stable light-emitting devices and polarization-sensitive optoelectronics based on HP nanostructures.
FJ-3:IL15 Pursuing High Performance Tribo-Dielectrics of Triboelectric Nanogenerator
YI XI, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
Most of the proposed high performance of devices based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) face the challenge of stability and low conversion efficiency. Moreover, tribo-dielectrics is one of the core parameters for improving the performance of TENG. Here, based on the performance improvement of TENG, the key parameter of triboelectric dielectric materials has been systematically studied. The model is proposed to study the intrinsic interaction between the electrical properties of TENG and tribo-dielectrics. The relative experimental results are explained theoretically by quantum tunneling effect, material matching, quasi-piezoelectric model and leakage current. These works can provide a direction for in-depth understanding and enhancing of performance of TENG.
FJ-3:IL16 Evaporation Powered Low Resistance Generators for Autonomous Marine and Water Recovery Systems
J. OLIVEIRA, J. FERREIRA, P. SOARES, LSRE-LCM, FEUP, Porto, Portugal; J. VENTURA, IFIMUP, FCUP, Porto, Portugal
Water Evaporation–Induced Generators (WEIGs) harvest ambient evaporation via electrokinetic streaming in hydrophilic porous membranes. We report low-resistance WEIGs that deliver stable DC and integrate readily into hybrid systems. The developed carbon membranes, with PEDOT:PSS, produced 0.5–0.6 V per unit; short-circuit currents reached 0.11 mA (single) and 0.54 mA (six in parallel). Peak power was 1.14 mW (~47.5 µW cm⁻²). Fabrication used eggshell-derived activated carbon at low cost. WEIGs couple directly to energy and water processes, like partial immersion coupled with seawater-battery cathodes and integration in desalination trains. In seawater batteries, series connection raised discharge to 2.7 V and provided a steady DC bias; arrays enable further scaling. Over 40 days, WEIGs crystallized ~19.6 mg cm⁻² of salt (~4.9 g m⁻² day⁻¹) with no external energy, concurrent with electricity generation. WEIGs provide continuous, scalable, low-cost DC without moving parts or reliance on sun or wind. With low-resistance conductors, sub-mA currents today are expected to reach tens of mA in future designs, positioning WEIGs as a platform for off-grid autonomous systems.
FJ-3:L17 Self-driven Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Mixed Pollutants
AIMIAO QIN, LEI LIAO, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
With industrial development, the composition of industrial wastewater has become more and more complex and diverse, which makes water treatment technologies face serious challenges in terms of energy efficiency and pollutant removal. It is urgent to develop novel, energy-efficient and low energy consumption water pollution treatment technologies. In this report, a self-powered photoelectric co-catalysis system constructed by combining photocatalytic technology with friction nanoelectricity generation technology will be introduced. The system uses heterojunction photoelectrodes based on TiO2 nanowire arrays (TNWAs) as the core component to achieve efficient degradation of mixed organic pollutants such as methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) etc. The report will provide a detailed introduction to the synthesis and optimisation of the photoelectrode materials, the assembly of the photoelectrochemical co-catalytic system, as well as the study and investigation of the mechanisms involved in the above processes.
FJ-3:L18 From Nanoconfined Water to Intrusion–Extrusion Nanogenerators and Regenerative Oil-Free Shock Absorbers
L. BARTOLOMÉ1, Y. GROSU1,2, 1Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies, CIC energiGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance BRTA, Alava Technology Park, Spain; 2Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
Intrusion–extrusion triboelectric nanogenerators (IE-TENGs) generate electricity through the forced intrusion and spontaneous extrusion of non-wetting liquids in hydrophobic nanoporous matrices through charge redistribution at dynamically changing solid–liquid interfaces. This approach markedly increases the effective solid–liquid interfacial area compared to nanorough surfaces. We present a progression from the first observations of pressure-induced intrusion-extrusion electrification in hydrophobic nanopores [1,2] to the realization of efficient IE-TENGs [3,4] and regenerative shock absorbers based on them [5]. Transitioning from powders of hydrophobic silica and flexible MOFs to conductive monoliths and from water to aqueous solutions boosts conversion efficiency to ≈ 9 %.4 Multiscale simulations elucidate defect-mediated electron transfer as the key mechanism. This approach allows IE-TENGs as scalable platforms for hybrid energy harvesting, enabling self-powered sensing and vibration-mitigation technologies.
[1] Grosu et al. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9, 2017. [2] Grosu et al. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11, 2019. [3] Bartolomé L. et al. Adv Mater Technol 10, 2025. [4] Bartolomé L. et al. Nano Energy 146, 2025. [5] https://www.electro-intrusion.eu
FJ-3:IL19 Modified Piezoelectric Nanofibers-Based Tengs with Outstanding Performance and Sensing
M. EGINLIGIL, State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
Applications based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are mainly focused on obtaining large values of voltage, current, and power, which strongly depend on surface charge density and dielectric properties of tribo-layers, as well as the other physical properties of the layers such as piezoelectricity – parallel alignment of ferroelectric domains. Among various piezoelectric TENG materials, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has high potential in its nanofibers (NFs) form, reflected in its high piezoelectricity (β phase of PVDF). There exists a relation between the performance of TENG and the β phase of PVDF-NFs by varying NF growth parameters in electrospinning growth technique, in which incorporation of nanofillers during growth is possible. As a result, TENG based on hybrid PVDF-NFs can be sensitive to various external stimuli depending on the nanofiller’s physical properties. In this talk, I will visit various piezoelectric NFs based TENG, with an emphasis on PVDF-NFs with magnetic and light-sensitive nanofillers, as well as charge regulating ones, which exhibited enhanced performance compared to bare PVDF-NFs. I will also review flexible electronic applications, such as wearable sensing in addition to humidity, light, and magnetic field sensing capabilities.
FJ-3:IL20 Triboelectric Sensors for Human-Machine Interaction: Output Enhancement and Transmission Strategies
XIANJIE PU, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
Several triboelectric sensors based on silicone are designed for neck motion detection, finger-worn texture recognition, and keyboard-based music performance. These involve measurements of bending curvature, surface texture, and pressure, respectively. For these wearable sensors, the influence of human body potential and environmental noise is significant. To address this, a flexible shielding layer was developed using carbon-doped silicone, which effectively suppressed interference and improved the signal-to-noise ratio. Practical application interfaces and outcomes were demonstrated through backend programs and algorithms. To further enhance the performance of the triboelectric sensors, we explored the introduction of a self-excitation strategy. This strategy was demonstrated using a tin-can telephone system, which has been used to represent triboelectric sensors with lower output performance. Further, the wireless transmission enabled by the sensor signal itself is also studied.
FJ-3:L21 Triboelectric-Induced Abnormal Tribovoltaic Effect at Metal–GaN Interface
MINGKAI HE, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, CAS, Beijing, China
The tribovoltaic effect (TVE), which generates direct current from sliding interfaces, has recently attracted growing interest, yet its fundamental mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we show that continuous sliding at metal–GaN interfaces leads to a systematic reversal of interfacial charge distribution and output polarity, producing voltages far exceeding the GaN bandgap across n-, u-, and p-type samples. Kelvin probe force microscopy confirms that this phenomenon arises from a dominant tribo-induced electric field, in contrast to classical electron transfer expectations. We attribute the effect to friction-driven excitations and asymmetric interfacial barriers that govern charge transfer. Based on this mechanism, we design integrated GaN-based tribovoltaic generators that achieve open-circuit voltages exceeding 1 kV, highlighting the potential of TVE for high-voltage energy harvesting and sensing applications.
FJ-3:IL22 Piezoelectric DC Power Generation Mechanism
HYUN-CHEOL SONG, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Recent changes in electricity generation and consumption have renewed the debate over Alternating Current (AC) versus Direct Current (DC) systems. DC is inherently compatible with batteries and widely used in low-power applications such as LED lighting and consumer electronics. As reliance on these technologies increases, DC systems have become technically and economically viable alternatives to conventional AC networks, driving interest in localized DC microgrids. However, despite the growing demand for DC distribution, a direct DC generation method has yet to be realized. Since most power generation depends on rotating turbines driven by thermal, wind, or hydraulic energy, a kinetic mechanism capable of producing DC directly is required. This study presents a novel kinetic DC generation method utilizing the piezoelectric mechanism through sequential polarization change. The operating principles were examined through theoretical and experimental analysis, and a rotary-type piezoelectric DC generator was successfully demonstrated under real-world conditions. The proposed system exhibits continuous, direction-independent output with high power density, showing strong potential as a key technology for the emerging DC grid era.
FJ-3:IL23 Ultimate Output and Energy Management of Triboelectric Nanogenerator
CHENGUO HU, School of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a new technology for collecting low-frequency mechanical energy, which is one of the most important technologies to solve distributed energy supply of wireless sensor networks where the wired electricity is not available. However, it is a great challenge to improve the output energy density, reduce interface abrasion and efficiently extract energy for electronics. Herein, I will introduce the strategies adopted in our research group to improve the output performance and durability, and energy utilization of the TENG, which include (1) boosting output charge density enabled by charge excitation strategy, self-polarization of polar high-k materials, charge trapping failure of dielectric polymers, ultra-fast charge injection technique, charge migration in dielectric materials, etc., (2) improving durability, and (3) efficient energy managements. Through multi-dimensional analysis and regulation of charge behavior, these works have made substantial advancements in optimizing the performance of TENG and provided a theoretical foundation for the development of high-energy-density, self-powered TENG systems.
FJ-3:L24 Self-Powered Intelligent Fluid Dynamics Sensing System
ZIJIE XU, ZHONG LIN WANG, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Real-time monitoring of flow turbulence is very difficult but extremely important in fluid dynamics, which plays an important role in flight safety and control. Turbulence can cause airflow to detach at the end of the wings, potentially resulting in the aerodynamic stall of aircraft and causing flight accidents. Here, we developed a series of lightweight and conformable systems on the wing surface of aircraft for turbulence sensing. Quantitative data about airflow turbulence and the degree of boundary layer separation are provided in situ using conjunct signals provided by both triboelectric and piezoelectric effects. Thus, these systems can visualize and directly measure the airflow detaching process on the airfoil, and senses the degree of airflow separation during and after a stall for large aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles.
FJ-3:L25 High-performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Self-powered Intelligent Sports Systems
JIANJUN LUO, ZHONG LIN WANG, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; and School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
The rapid evolution of intelligent sports systems demands sustainable and autonomous energy solutions to power distributed sensor networks essential for real-time motion monitoring, performance analysis, and injury prevention. Traditional power sources, such as batteries, face limitations in lifespan, maintenance, and environmental impact, especially in highly mobile and large-scale sports applications. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which efficiently convert mechanical energy into electricity, such as human movement, body motion, and equipment vibration, present an ideal power and sensing platform for the next generation of intelligent sports. This abstract highlights recent advances in high-performance TENG designs and material innovations that enable self-powered, intelligent sports systems. These systems are capable of real-time biomechanical sensing, motion capture, and data-driven performance feedback without external power sources, paving the way for sustainable and smart training technologies.
Session FJ-4 Cutting-edge applications
FJ-4:L27 From the Discovery of Power Generation Via Collision to Electra-electric Induction
XIA CAO, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
Can you imagine that electricity can be generated by colliding two stones to drive a small lamp？Can you imagine that knocking on the door with your hand can power the LED board and illuminate the book? Can you imagine that the 28-watt fluorescent tube lamp can be lit up when you walk with it in your hand? The energy generated by gently rubbing the plastic plate can light up at least a one-watt bulb, and even charge the mobile phone. Based on a series of experiments, the power generation via collision that electromagnetic energy can be generated by the collision was proposed. Besides, it was found that rotating a closed circuit coil in a changing electric or electrostatic field could also generate an induced current and electromotive force in the coil without any external magnets, which is called the Electra-electric induction. Both Maxwell’s displacement current and the Electra-electric induced current are generated by the changing electric field. This is a radical, completely new discovery. Just like opening a door, Professor Cao’s new disruptive founding and inventions will have an immeasurable impact on physics, astronomy, new energy, nuclear energy, military and other fields. It will drive revolutionary and disruptive progress in related industries and the global economy.
FJ-4:L28 Piezotronics in GaN Devices
JUNYI ZHAI, Beijing Huairou Laboratory Beijing, China; and Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Multi functional micro/nano devices and systems have important applications in intelligent electronic products, such as healthcare, human-machine interfaces, infrastructure monitoring, and security. Piezotronics provides a new method to significantly improve/regulate the electronic and optoelectronic performance of semiconductor devices. The principle of piezotronics is to regulate the generation, transmission, separation, and/or recombination of charge carriers at heterojunctions/interfaces by adjusting the piezoelectric potential generated by externally applied strains. This speech summarizes the design and principles of prototype devices in (1) novel all optical mechanical sensors based on GaN multi-wells nanopillars and real-time high-resolution stress imaging of live cell forces. (2) The Atomically Confined Insertion (ACI) which uniquely creates self-terminating, two-dimensional intercalated Mg layers within a complex GaN heterostructure, inducing localized strain and polarity inversion that far exceed the bulk elastic limit. The resulting atomic-scale polarization fields lead to a more than two-fold increase in the average effective hole concentration. Integrated into a p-GaN gate HEMT, ACI boosts the Vth from 1.5 V baseline to 4.3 V without the performance trade-offs, such as degraded transconductance and saturation current, that plague conventional methods.