Symposium FD
Fuel Cells, Water Electrolysis and Photo/Electro Catalytic Materials for a Low-Carbon and Resilient Transition
ABSTRACTS
Session FD-1 SOFCs, PEMFCs and Electrolysers (SOECs, PEMWEs)
FD-1:IL01 Enhancing Low-Temperature SOFC Performance and Durability via Surface Modification and Elevated PO2, and Scaling High Power Cells
E.D. WACHSMAN, S.A. HORLICK, I.A. ROBINSON, A. ANJUM, M. SAQIB, Maryland Energy Innovation Institute University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Shorter startup/shutdown times, reduced degradation rates, and lower material costs are a few of the desirable outcomes from lowering the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Low temperature operation (≤650 °C) also enables high surface area nano-catalysts with enhanced activity and high durability, the activity of which is so high that SOFCs fabricated with a GDC scaffold and impregnated with PrOx, without a separate “cathode” phase, obtained exceptionally high-power densities at low temperature. However, the partial reduction of GDC introduces electronic conductivity and lowers the Faradaic efficiency (FE) of the cell so we evaluated the effect of oxygen partial pressure (pO2) at the cathode up to 1 atm and show this suppresses electronic leakage, thus increasing open circuit potential and FE—indicating that pressurization of ceria-based SOFCs is a practical route to improving their FE. Accordingly, we project that pressurized cell operation will overcome this limitation with our nanostructured infiltrated cathode and demonstrate the highest performing fuel cell ever reported: 4 Wcm-2 at only 650 °C. Moreover, we demonstrate high-power density not only in button cells but, due to readily scalable processing, in full format commercial scale cells.
FD-1:IL02 Mechanistic Understanding of Surface Modifications for Optimizing Oxygen Exchange at SOC Electrodes
M. KUBICEK, M. SIEBENHOFER, J. FLEIG, TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Wien, Austria
The oxygen exchange reaction (OER) is essential for a number of applications in energy- and environment-related technologies. The detailed mechanism of the OER, in particular of the rate limiting steps is crucial toward developing materials with extraordinary catalytic activity. Mixed ionic electronic conducting (MIEC) oxides are the most important materials. The surface reaction with oxygen is complex and requires among others: adsorption, O2 bond-breaking, interaction with oxygen vacancies, electron transfer. Further, the defect chemical situation is complicated at the surface by space charges, adsorbates, or strain release. Experimentally it can be shown that tiny amounts (less than a monolayer) of impurities may either activate or inactivate a surface. Measurements with an in situ technique called “iPLD” that we developed and optimized over the last years will be used together with a number of surface analytic tools as basis to discuss the effects of surface decoration layers from few % of a monolayer up to a full monolayer thickness. Different models in literature (space charge vs. surface acidity) and their capabilities and limitations to explain the experimental results are discussed.
FD-1:IL03 Hierarchical Core-Shell cathode with Triple Conductivity: Toward Efficient and Durable Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells
WENLU LI, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of New Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFC) are highly efficient and eco-friendly electrical energy production devices at 450-700°C. The cathode in PCFC requires exceptional triple (H+/O2−/e−) conducting properties to ensure efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics. However, conventional single-phase cathode exhibits insufficient triple conducting capability, also could not simultaneously be thermal expansion and chemical compatible with electrolytes under high-humidity and oxygen conditions. To address these limitations, we propose constructing a hierarchically core-shell electrodes with triple conductivity. Recently, we have been working on fabricating a highly porous proton-conducting scaffold to ensure mechanical robustness and rapid proton transport. And precision surface decoration of a mixed oxygen-ion/electron-conducting phase and protective layer was fabricated via infiltration and atomic layer deposition, successfully enhance the oxygen surface exchange kinetics on the cathode while imparting CO2/Cr-poisoning resistance. This presentation will highlight focuses on the development of hierarchical core-shell cathode with triple conductivity, and discuss emerging materials and fabrication strategies to advance the development of high-efficiency and durable PCFCs.
FD-1:IL04 Proton‐Conducting Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells for Hydrogen Production - Materials Design and Catalyst Surface Engineering
HANCHEN TIAN, WENYUAN LI, XINGBO LIU, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
Solid oxide steam electrolysis cell, a promising electrical-chemical conversion device for the next generation efficient hydrogen production and energy storage, has been actively studied because of their high energy conversion efficiencies and prospective applications as electrochemical reactors. After decades of research on protonic ceramic materials, remarkable advances have been made in the protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) air electrode and electrolyte. However, the existing air electrodes are far from satisfying the requirements of practical applications, a series of issues, including the lack of active and durable electrodes, greatly limit the commercialization. To date, the systematic development of triple conducting catalysts remains abstruse because of the challenges of characterizing protonic behavior. A quantitative properties assessment and prediction on protonic properties of perovskite are still not available. Starting with a computational fluid dynamic modeling on the protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) air electrode, we focused on the materials design of air electrode materials by employing model guidance, operating durability optimization by electrode structure engineering, as well as the air electrode surface tailoring to overcome the most rate-limiting step. Thus, the electrochemical performance and durability of PCEC care comprehensively improved. The fabrication methods, characterization techniques with electrochemical performance are presented. Further work plans and implications are proposed regarding optimizing the structure of materials, preparation technology, and better understanding the role of these triple conductors. This research is expected to provide an in-depth understanding and offer avenues in the rational design of PCEC with long operational life and high energy/power density in the near future.
FD-1:IL05 Advanced Electrodes for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells
M.A. LAGUNA-BERCERO, J. TELLEZ, A. ORERA, M. MORALES-ZAPATA, C. DE LA TORRE-GAMARRA, J. ZUECO-VINCELLE, A. CAMPOS-GALERA, INMA, Univ. Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
In recent years, the trend in SOC devices has been towards versatility, enabling them to operate in both fuel cell and electrolyser modes. This requires electrodes with advanced functionalities that allow reversible oxidation and reduction reactions of the fuel and oxidant. Firstly, the microstructural optimisation of the supports (in fuel electrode-supported cells) is essential, both in terms of pore distribution and catalyst loading. Particle infiltration techniques are highly efficient in this regard. As for the air electrode, a key component is the development of efficient barrier layers that not only prevent reactivity between the electrolyte and the electrode, but also improve the electrocatalytic activity for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Throughout this work, we will present results of catalyst infiltration in both electrodes, advances in the development of barrier layers of ceria doped with either gadolinium or praseodymium, and we will present results with advanced oxygen electrodes made of different materials such as La4BaCu5-xNixO13±δ (x=1 and 2) (LBCNO), YSr2Cu2FeO7+δ (YSCF) and praseodymium and gadolinium doped ceria (CPGO).
FD-1:IL06 A Novel Surface-constructed Oxygen Electrode for Low-temperature Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cells with ZrO2-based Electrolyte Operating below 500 °C
SHAN-LIN ZHANG, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, P.R. China; CHENG-XIN LI,State Key laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, P.R. China; S.A. BARNETT, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
Recent advancements in solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs) heavily depend on the development of active and stable oxygen electrodes that exhibit superior activity and stability for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions at low temperatures. Here, we report a new surface-constructed oxygen electrode, Sr(Mg,Ti,Fe)O3−δ coated with Co3O4 (SMTF–Co3O4), designed to operate below 500 °C for low-temperature SOCs. The electrode electrochemical performance is primarily improved by the in-situ reaction of Co3O4 with surface-segregated SrO, forming SrCoO3, which significantly enhances the surface oxygen adsorption capacity. The SMTF–Co3O4 electrode demonstrates a remarkably low reaction activation energy of ~0.56 eV, with electrode polarization resistance as low as 0.55 Ω cm2 at 450 °C. The full cell, incorporating a thin scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolyte (~3 μm) and the SMTF–Co3O4 oxygen electrode, reaches maximum power density and electrolysis current density (at 1.3 V) of 0.6 W/cm2 and 0.44 A/cm2, respectively, at 500 °C. Especially, 5 to 8 times enhancement in the cell performance at 450 °C is achieved by SMTF with the surface construction compared to the pristine electrode. Furthermore, the SMTF–Co3O4 maintains stable performance in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes.
FD-1:IL07 Manufacturing Protonic Ceramic Cells
A. GONDOLINI, A. BARTOLETTI, E. MERCADELLI, A. SANSON, ISSMC-CNR, Faenza (RA), Italy
Proton-conducting oxides represent a class of solid-state ion-conducting ceramic as forefront materials for Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells. This contribution summarizes the advancement and challenges in processing of barium cerate–zirconate (BCZY)-based components and cells through conventional and non-conventional method. The work focuses on identifying the key parameters necessary to obtain porous–dense–porous microstructures suitable for Proton-Conducting Electrolysis Cells (PCECs). In the case of the conventional manufacturing method, the influence of composition and sintering conditions (temperature and atmosphere) on the microstructural characteristics of the cells was examined. For the innovative methods (ice-templating, additive manufacturing, etc.), the use of tailored formulations of water-based BCZY suspensions, together with the optimization of inks, enabled the fabrication of mechanically stable BCZY architectures. Electrochemical tests carried out in electrolysis mode establish a correlation between the processing methods and the cell performances.
FD-1:IL08 New Materials and Advanced Fabrication Methods for Next-Generation Solid Oxide Cells
E. BUCHER, M. AKSOY, S. CHATTOPADHYAY, A. EGGER, Technical University of Leoben, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Leoben, Austria
Solid oxide fuel and electrolyser cells (SOFCs and SOECs) are among the most promising technologies for sustainable and highly efficient electrochemical energy conversion and storage in future energy systems. SOFCs convert the chemical energy of hydrogen or a variety of other fuels into electrical energy. SOECs store electrical energy from fluctuating renewable sources by producing hydrogen or syngas (H2/CO). Worldwide research efforts currently focus on improving the long-term stability during operation at high current densities, and reducing the demand for critical raw materials such as rare earth elements and cobalt in the cell components. Our research focus is on the development of solid oxide cells with improved performance, high long-term stability and lower content of critical elements. Hot topics include fundamental investigations into the complex relations between the 3D morphology of porous electrodes and their electrochemical performance, the development of new electrodes based on uncritical and cost-effective raw materials, and alternative fabrication methods for unconventional electrolyte designs. The ultimate aim is a paradigm shift towards a knowledge-based design approach for the next generation of solid oxide cells.
FD-1:IL09 Accelerated Stress Testing of Solid Oxide Cells and Degradation Analysis
D.E. VLADIKOVA, B.G. BURDIN, M.Z. KRAPCHANSKA, Institute of Electrochemistry and Energy Systems, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria and Institute for Sustainable Transition and Development, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; R. SPOTORNO, P. PICCARDO, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; A.A. SHEIKH, Institute for Sustainable Transition and Development, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Accelerated Stress Tests (ASTs) are emerging as a crucial approach for reducing testing time in durability studies of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells/Electrolyzers. Given the current target of 80,000 hours of operation with degradation rates of 1%/1000 hours in electrolysis mode and 0.5%/1000 hours in fuel cell mode, commercialization efforts require rapid validation of optimization strategies. To address this challenge, accelerated aging procedures have been introduced. In this study, ex-situ artificial aging of the SOFC anode (Ni/YSZ) by redox-cycling was selected. Based on this approach AST protocol was developed. The experiments confirm 60 times acceleration of the degradation process. For deeper insight into the degradation mechanisms, the advanced technique of the Differential Impedance Analysis was used. The obtained results will be discussed in the presentation of the work.
The authors acknowledge the support of the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science under the: (i) Bulgarian National Recovery and Resilience Plan, Component "Innovative Bulgaria", Project № BG-RRP-2.004-0006-C02 "Development of research and innovation at Trakia University in service of health and sustainable well-being" and (ii) the European Union under Horizon Europe (project 101136692).
FD-1:IL10 Functional Thin-films for Solid Oxide Cells: From Model Systems to a New Technological Avenue
F. BAIUTTI1, J. SIRVENT1, F. BUZI1, K. KREKA1, F. CHIABRERA1, C. BOZAL-GINESTA1, L. BERNADET1, A. TARANCON1,2, 1Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Barcelona, Spain; 2ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
Thin-film technology offers an exciting platform for fabricating novel, optimized materials, where nanoscale effects overcome bulk limitations. In solid oxide cells, thin film-based air electrodes promise enhanced electrochemical performance, enabling next-generation devices. Yet, achieving stable, long-term performance in engineered thin films remains a key challenge. This work presents examples of defect engineering and nanoscaling in thin films for oxygen reduction reaction, from materials screening to device implementation. I will show results from high-throughput thin-film synthesis and characterization, used to explore multi-doped systems for optimal activity-stability tradeoffs .¹,² Furthermore, I will discuss nanocrystalline and self-assembled heterostructures exhibiting up to four orders of magnitude higher oxygen exchange and diffusivity.³⁻⁵ Finally, I will demonstrate that defect-driven stabilization enables stand-alone thin-film cathodes with reduced critical raw materials and exceptional long-term stability in commercial short stacks.⁵,⁶
1. Adv. Mater. 2024, 36, 2407372; 2. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2025, 8, 7022; 3. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2025, 2400872; 4. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2105622; 5. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 2660; 6. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2024, 16, 43462.
FD-1:IL11 Microstructure and Performance of Tubular Segmented-in-Series Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and its Stack
CHENG-XIN LI, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
We designed and manufactured a tubular segmented-in-series solid-oxide fuel cell (T-SIS-SOFC) in which each tube features a hermetically closed end and an open end, serving as both the mechanical support and functional substrate. The T-SIS-SOFC has the following structural features: (1) one tube is equivalent to a stack; (2) The conductive support tube can be enabled as the collection of cathode current in a reducing atmosphere; (3) due to the one end is fixed and the stack has low stress characteristics. The report mainly focuses on optimizing the material and structure of the ceramic interconnect, making them have a dense structure and high conductivity, in order to achieve effective series interconnection between cell segments. The tube has a power density exceeding 0.4 W/cm2 at 800 ℃ and remarkable long-term operational stability. Multiple tubes were successfully integrated to construct a demonstration stack achieving kW-level power output, validating the engineering feasibility and scaling potential of this technology. The developed T- SIS-SOFC technology presents a highly promising new pathway towards SOFC systems with more compact structures, simplified integration, and enhanced reliability.
FD-1:IL12 Degradation of Glass-ceramic Composite Sealant after Operation in a Solid Oxide Electrolysis Stack
S.-M. GROSS-BARSNICK, F. SCHULZE-KUEPPERS, N. MARGARITIS, G. NATOUR, Institute of Technology and Engineering, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
Composite materials based on a BaO-CaO-SiO2 glass with fully Y-stabilized zirconia fibers as ceramic fillers have proven their applicability as sealants for solid oxide fuel cell stacks during the last 25 years. These materials are essential for assembling SOC stacks and upscaling the technology for a commercial launch. The sealants were developed with focus on adaptation of thermal expansion, electrical insulation, adhesion to cell and interconnect and sufficient strength to allow thermal cycling of components. Longterm operation of the sealant in a fuel cell stack over 100.000 h did not reveal any differences in comparison to the as-joined condition. Changing the operation conditions to high current density and increased humid gas atmospheres of electrolysis mode, microstructural differences of the glass-based composite sealants have been observed, sometimes in combination with leakage and short circuiting. Besides discussing the degradation phenomena of the sealants under electrolysis conditions, several new compositions for alternate joining materials will be presented.
FD-1:L13 Comparative Densification (Muffle, SPS and Ultra-Fast Sintering) of 10Sc1CeZr and Its Effect on Oxygen-Ion Conductivity
S. VECINO-MANTILLA1, M. BARP1, G. ZANDAVALLI1, E. GALLO1, L. HÄLLDAHL2, B. MIHIRETIE2, M. LO FARO1, 1Institute of Advanced Energy Technologies (ITAE) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR), Messina, Italy; 2Kagaku Analys AB, Johanneberg Science Park, Göteborg, Sweden
Densification strongly governs ionic transport in zirconia-based electrolytes. Here, we study 10Sc1CeZr (10 mol% Sc2O3-1 mol% CeO2-stabilized ZrO2) and systematically quantify how densification affects oxygen-ion conductivity. Pellets were densified at 1400-1450 °C using three routes: conventional muffle sintering (12 h), spark plasma sintering (SPS), and ultra-fast high-temperature sintering (UHS). Relative densities spanning 88–99% and distinct grain sizes were achieved. XRD verified phase purity, while SEM and Archimedes measurements assessed microstructure, residual porosity and densification. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the range of 300-800 °C in air, and the bulk conductivity was calculated from the intercept on the real axis. Higher density reduced open porosity and lowered grain-boundary resistance by up to an order of magnitude, increasing total conductivity and decreasing activation energy. Optimized densification delivers 10Sc1CeSZ-like overall performance, highlighting processing as a key lever for SOFC/SOEC electrolytes.
Dr. Vecino gratefully acknowledges support from the projects GRAAL – GeneRAzione di celle innovAtive a scambio sia ionico che protonico reversibiLi (CUP: F57G25000310006) and the NextGeneration EU programme, funded by the Italian Ministry of Environment and Energy Security (POR H2, CUP: B93C22000630006).
The authors also acknowledge funding from the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) for the PRIN PNRR project OxCellenT (CUP: B53D23027440001), as well as support from the projects SUS-CELLS (CUP: B47H23004330001), the ITELECTROLAB Joint Laboratory (CUP: B43C22000870001), and the H2rigenera bilateral project (CUP: B42C26000010001), a collaboration between CNR-ITAE and IQSC-USP supported by the National Research Council of Italy (CNR)
FD-1:L14 Structural, Microstructural and Electrical Characterization of Impregnated FeCrAl Metal Support for the Application of Intermediate Temperature – Metal Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (MS-IT-SOFC)
S. DATTAMANDAL, D. FASQUELLE, University of Littoral Côte d’Opale, Unit of Dynamics and Structure of Molecular Materials (UDSMM), EA 4476, Calais, France
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) operating at intermediate temperature (IT) range (500°C–700°C) provide advantages including enhanced material stability, reduced thermal stress, and cost effectiveness. However, developing a durable structure for metal-supported SOFC (MS-IT-SOFC) remains challenging due to exposure to high temperatures and a redox environment. This study explores FeCrAl alloys as metallic support for SOFC, leveraging their excellent oxidation resistance, mechanical strength, and thermal stability. Lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF) and lanthanum nickel ferrite (LNF) solutions, prepared by sol-gel method, are employed for the impregnation of the FeCrAl support. The impregnation forms a protective layer on the metal fibres, enhancing the stability of the FeCrAl structure under desired operating conditions. The impregnated FeCrAl support is deposited with NiO and Ni-CGO anode bilayers using screen-printing technique. Structural, microstructural, and morphological characterizations were investigated using SEM and XRD. Additionally, the electrical conductivity of the cell and interfacial resistances have been studied. This study demonstrates the potential of impregnated FeCrAl as a robust metal support, facilitating the commercialization of MS-IT-SOFC.
FD-1:L15 Ethanol-Assisted Water Electrolysis in Solid Oxide Cells: Enhancing Stability and Efficiency through Exsolved Perovskite Anodes
M. LO FARO1, M.V. BARP1, L.G. ZANDAVALLI1, C. TEDESCO2, F. GIANNICI2, S. VECINO-MANTILLA1, 1Institute of Advanced Energy Technologies (ITAE) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR), Messina, Italy; 2Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy
Solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOECs) represent a promising technology for high-efficiency hydrogen production and energy storage. However, conventional SOECs face challenges in operating under fluctuating conditions and in utilizing practical fuels to support electrolysis. This study introduces a strategy based on ethanol-assisted water electrolysis using an exsolved perovskite anode integrated into a commercial Ni–YSZ/YSZ half-cell. The approach enables stable operation with minimal modifications to existing manufacturing processes. Experimental results demonstrate remarkable performance at voltages as low as 0.13 V and current densities of 0.5 A cm⁻², significantly below the thermal neutral voltage, while mitigating degradation phenomena such as electrode delamination. Ethanol feeding at the anode promotes synergistic chemical and electrochemical reactions, reducing area-specific resistance and improving kinetics without carbon deposition. This method offers a pathway to buffer renewable energy fluctuations, lower CAPEX/OPEX, and advance SOEC technology toward practical, cost-effective hydrogen production. Further optimization of operating conditions and electrode design could unlock additional performance gains.
Dr. Lo Faro gratefully acknowledges support from the projects GRAAL – GeneRAzione di celle innovAtive a scambio sia ionico che protonico reversibiLi (CUP: F57G25000310006) and the NextGeneration EU programme, funded by the Italian Ministry of Environment and Energy Security (POR H2, CUP: B93C22000630006).
The authors also acknowledge funding from the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) for the PRIN PNRR project OxCellenT (CUP: B53D23027440001), as well as support from the projects SUS-CELLS (CUP: B47H23004330001), the ITELECTROLAB Joint Laboratory (CUP: B43C22000870001), and the H2rigenera bilateral project (CUP: B42C26000010001), a collaboration between CNR-ITAE and IQSC-USP supported by the National Research Council of Italy (CNR).
Session FD-2 Alkaline and Anion-exchange Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (AFCs, AEMFCs) and Electrolysers (AELs, AEMWEs)
FD-2:IL16 Electrode Design for Alkaline Water Electrolysis Anodes
A.K. MECHLER, I. GALKINA, F. SCHEEPERS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy Technologies, Electrochemical Process Engineering (IET-4), Jülich, Germany
Anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis bridges the gap between proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis and alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), combining their advantages while mitigating their respective limitations. In addition to optimized catalyst materials, the design of the catalyst layer significantly impacts the overall cell performance and durability. This study presents the development of a high-performance electrode based on an in-house developed Ni₃Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH) catalyst. Through optimized ink formulation, tumbler milling techniques, and tailored deposition parameters, the electrode design was refined to reduce internal and charge-transfer resistances, thereby enhancing overall cell performance. The optimized Ni₃Fe-LDH anode demonstrated exceptional stability, operating continuously for 1000 hours with minimal degradation. These findings provide a straightforward, scalable approach for catalyst treatment and dispersion control, offering critical insights for electrode development.
FD-2:L17 Nanocomposite Electrodes with CuFe Layered Double Hydroxides and Hydrochar for Alkaline HER and HOR: A Multifunctional Platform for Hydrogen Electrocatalysis
M. SALIBA1,2, P. KNAUTH1, E. BLOCH1, L. PASQUINI1, E. SGRECCIA2, R. NARDUCCI2, A. VARONE2, M.L. DI VONA2, 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, MADIREL (UMR 7246) and International Laboratory: Ionomer Materials for Energy, Campus St Jérôme, Marseille, France; 2University of Rome Tor Vergata, Dep. Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory: Ionomer Materials for Energy, Roma, Italy
The transition toward carbon-neutral energy systems requires efficient, affordable electrocatalysts to drive both the hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxidation (HOR) reactions. Copper-iron layered double hydroxides (CuFe-LDHs) are promising due to their abundance, tunable redox properties, and Cu-Fe synergy, but their activity remains limited by poor conductivity and surface accessibility. To address these challenges, we developed CuFe-LDH electrodes with functional additives and/or hydrochar (HC). HC, a porous, sp²-rich carbon derived from pine needles, was introduced to systematically assess its effect on electrode performance, while additional additives were used to tune structural order and ionic mobility. Electrochemical tests in 1 M KOH (LSV, PEIS, CP) revealed composition-dependent activity. The best HER and HOR performances were achieved when highly crystalline CuFe-LDH was combined with a hydroxide-conducting ionomer binder. Nevertheless, HC-based electrodes displayed good durability and efficiency in HER and the lowest onset potential during HOR. These findings confirm that compositional tuning and sustainable hydrochar integration improve CuFe-LDH electrodes for hydrogen technologies, though further optimization is needed to overcome kinetic and mass-transport limitations
FD-2:L18 Development of Non-Precious Metal Catalysts for AEM Electrolysers: The Case of NiFe₂O₄
V. BAGLIO, I. GATTO, M. AHMAD, E. ROSELLA, A. PATTI, G. BUCCA, C. LO VECCHIO, CNR-ITAE, Messina, Italy
In this study, NiFe₂O₄ catalysts were synthesized via a modified oxalate route. Nickel and iron nitrates, in stoichiometric proportions, were sequentially added to an oxalic acid solution, followed by hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent. The resulting precipitate was filtered, dried, and calcined at 350 °C to obtain nickel ferrite. The catalyst was then deposited onto a PiperION® (40 µm, Versogen) anion-exchange membrane using a spray technique, paired with a Pt-based cathode, and evaluated in a 5 cm² single-cell AEM electrolyser. Various NiFeOₓ loadings were tested and benchmarked against literature data to assess their activity and stability toward water splitting.
This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (MAECI) within the framework of the Italian-German joint research initiative "Green Hydrogen Research: A Collaboration to Empower Tomorrow's Energy", under the project DURALYS (DURAble, Scalable, and Recyclable Components and Cell Designs for Next Generation Alkaline Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis).
FD-2:L19 Recycling Waste Batteries into NiCo Electrocatalysts for Sustainable Hydrogen Production
S. BLANCO, T. ALONSO, P. DELVASTO, Escuela de Ingeniería Matelúrgica y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
The transition toward carbon neutrality requires sustainable hydrogen production technologies based on efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts. This work presents a circular approach to synthesizing NiCo electrocatalysts for alkaline water electrolysis using waste Ni–MH batteries as the metal source. The electrode materials were leached in HCl to obtain Ni–Co-rich electrolytes, which were subsequently used for electrodeposition onto high-purity copper substrates. The resulting electrocatalysts were characterized by SEM, XRD, and XPS, revealing a homogeneous NiCo metallic phase with fine-grained morphology and strong metal–metal interactions. Electrochemical performance was evaluated in 1 M KOH using CV, LSV, EIS, and galvanostatic H2 evolution tests. The NiCo electrodes exhibited lower overpotential and higher current density for H₂ evolution compared to pure Ni electrodes, confirming enhanced catalytic activity. Moreover, EIS measurements indicated reduced charge-transfer resistance and improved conductivity when polarized for H2 production. These results demonstrate the potential of waste-derived NiCo electrocatalysts as cost-effective and sustainable alternatives for alkaline water electrolysis, contributing to hydrogen technology advancement and circular economy principles
Session FD-3 Direct Fuel Cells & e-Fuels Production
FD-3:IL20 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Aviation: A Comparative Evaluation Against Alternative Propulsion Technologies
G. PEYRANI, P. MAROCCO, M. GANDIGLIO, M. SANTARELLI, Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
Conventional aircraft face challenges due to high greenhouse gas emissions, which hinder efforts to decarbonize the aviation sector. While electric aircraft powered by batteries are gaining attention, their limited flight range remains a major obstacle. Renewable fuels offer a promising solution to reduce emissions without compromising flight endurance. In this context, fuel cells have the capability to fully electrify aircraft, powering both propulsion and auxiliary systems. In contrast to internal combustion engines, fuel cells a have lower power density. However, by leveraging their higher conversion efficiency, fuel cell-based aircraft can potentially achieve a lower overall weight compared to conventional ones. The talk aims to compare various fuel cell and conventional propulsion designs to identify optimal alternatives for weight reduction. In particular, potential benefits arising from the adoption of innovative Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)-powered aircraft are thoroughly investigated. The Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) technology is also considered for the sake of comparison. A break-even point analysis is conducted for both current and future scenarios, determining the flight duration at which the weight of the propulsion system of the fuel cell-based design equals that of the reference case. Different fuels and storage typologies are examined, including conventional jet fuel and hydrogen, stored in both liquid and solid forms. The results show that jet fuel SOFC systems are currently the most competitive in terms of mass among the innovative fuel cell layouts, while the PEMFC powered by liquid hydrogen requires increased power density and reduced energy storage system weight to attain competitiveness. In the future, liquid hydrogen storage is deemed the most viable option for aircraft layouts relying on fuel cells. Overall, PEMFC-based configurations are expected to be more suitable for short-range transport, while SOFCs are preferable for long-range aircraft. Additionally, an environmental analysis is performed to assess the CO2 flight emissions associated with innovative aircraft propulsion systems across different European countries. Break-even values of grid electricity carbon intensity are identified for the jet fuel SOFC and the liquid hydrogen SOFC. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of fuel cell technology in reducing the environmental impact of aviation.
FD-3:L21 Energizing Fuel Cells with an Electrically Rechargeable Liquid Fuel
AN LIANG, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Liquid fuel cells, which promise to be a clean and efficient energy production technology, have recently attracted worldwide attention, primarily because liquid fuels offer many unique physicochemical properties including high energy density and ease of transportation, storage as well as handling. However, conventional liquid fuel cells use precious metal catalysts but result in rather low performance. Recently, a novel system using an electrically rechargeable liquid fuel (e-fuel) for energy storage and power generation has been recently proposed and demonstrated. The e-fuel is stated to be attainable from diverse kinds of materials such as inorganic materials, organic materials, and suspensions of particles. In our research, we energize fuel cells with this e-fuel. It is demonstrated that without using any catalysts for fuel oxidation, this fuel cell running on the e-fuel leads to a significant performance boost.
Session FD-4 Advanced Concepts for the Design of Photo/Electro-functional Materials
FD-4:IL22 Degradation of Electrocatalysts under Realistic Conditions
S. CHEREVKO, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nuremberg for Renewable Energy (IET-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
For electrocatalysts to be viable in industrial electrochemical energy conversion technologies, they must exhibit high activity, selectivity, and long-term stability. Rapid screening of newly developed catalysts to assess these properties is often performed in aqueous model systems such as rotating disk electrodes (RDEs), which are also well suited for controlled mechanistic studies. However, these systems cannot reproduce the complex mass transport and interfacial conditions present in real electrochemical devices, while realistic setups introduce additional variables that can obscure fundamental insights. Recent advances in hybrid gas diffusion electrode (GDE) half-cells and model full-cell test stations help bridge this gap. Here, we demonstrate how combining these setups with on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) enables quantitative, time-resolved analysis of catalyst dissolution under realistic operating conditions. Case studies on Ir-, Pt-, and Fe–N–C-based catalysts will illustrate how this approach reveals reaction-environment-dependent stability relevant to water electrolysis and fuel cells. The presentation will conclude with perspectives on future directions for the design of more durable electrocatalyst materials.
FD-4:IL24 Efficient ORR Catalyst Layers with Nanostructured Carbon: The Dual Role of Ionomer Interactions and Bulk Transport
MENGNAN WANG, Swansea University, Swansea, UK; I. STEPHENS, M. TITIRICI, Imperial College London, London, UK
Advancement of the oxygen reduction reaction was examined by coupling intrinsic catalytic activity with transport through nanostructured catalyst layers. Ionomer to catalyst interactions and bulk transport were probed using operando X ray absorption spectroscopy, gas sorption, and gas diffusion electrode measurements. Catalysts supported on distinct carbons—low surface area Vulcan, high surface area Ketjenblack, and biomass derived highly ordered mesoporous carbon—exhibited marked performance differences. Superior activity under gas diffusion electrode conditions was observed for the highly ordered mesoporous carbon supported catalyst. From operando spectroscopy and sorption analysis, the mesoporous structure was identified to optimise ionomer to catalyst interactions, enhancing local proton and oxygen transport at both molecular and structural levels. Guided by these findings, a lignin derived catalyst layer with an interconnected hierarchical mesoporous network was produced via dual templating. Improved bulk transport and greater active site accessibility were achieved, yielding performance beyond that of conventional layers. An operando-validated framework is thus established for designing sustainable, high efficiency ORR catalyst layers.
FD-4:IL25 SrTiO3: From Fundamental Understanding to Practical Application of Photocatalysts
B. MEI, Y. HAVER, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; I. SIRETANU, F. MUGELE, University of Twente, The Netherlands
This contribution discusses the potential of Atomic Force Microscopy to understand the structure and function of solid–liquid interfaces of anisotropic semiconducting oxides. In particular, the importance of understanding electrostatic and hydration forces will be discussed using faceted SrTiO3 nanoparticles as model system. Furthermore, our recent endeavours in the utilisation of SrTiO3 photocatalysts in the gas-phase anaerobic photocatalytic conversion of methanol to formaldehyde will be presented, along with the criteria for the design of efficient photocatalysts.
FD-4:IL26 New Devices and Characterisation Tools for Developing Efficient and Stable Photoelectrochemical Cells based on Earth-abundant Materials
F. EISNER, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
Photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) offer a promising route to sustainable fuel production. However, high solar-to-fuel efficiencies (>15%) have only been achieved with costly, scarce III-V semiconductors. In contrast, solution-processed semiconductors (e.g. perovskites, organics, metal oxides) are more sustainable and tunable, but currently lack the required efficiency and stability for scale-up. Here, I will present protected photoanodes using low-cost organic semiconductors and inorganic-carbon protection layers, achieving photocurrents >25 mA/cm² at 1.23 V vs RHE with multi-day operational stability. This is enabled by integrating an organic bulk-heterojunction with a graphite sheet functionalized with NiFeOOH catalyst, ensuring water resistance and efficient charge transfer. Combining this with a wide-bandgap organic absorber yields tandem PECs with >6% unassisted solar-to-hydrogen efficienc, among the highest for earth-abundant, non-toxic materials. Additionally, I will introduce photo-electrochemical mass spectrometry (PEC-MS), a new tool for real-time detection of reaction products with picomol/s sensitivity. PEC-MS reveals key reaction pathways in materials like hematite and bismuth vanadate, guiding the development of improved photochemical devices.
FD-4:IL27 2D Magnetic Materials: Theoretical Design and Manipulation of Spin
XIAOJUN WU, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
The development of two-dimensional materials exhibiting magnetism above room temperature represents a key challenge for the realization of nanoscale spintronic devices. Using first-principles calculations and tight-binding modeling, we propose an orbital- and symmetry-guided design strategy for two-dimensional magnetic systems, with a focus on framework materials such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Our studies show that targeted magnetic properties—including half-metals with 100% spin polarization, room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors, and altermagnetic behavior—can be achieved by rationally combining the frontier orbital couplings of molecular building blocks with the magnetic spin point group symmetry of the resulting framework. Furthermore, we introduce a model of bipolar magnetic semiconductors that enables electrical control of spin polarization.
FD-4:IL28 A Photoelectrochemical Desalination Charger for Energy, Fuel, and Water Nexus
HYUNWOONG PARK, School of Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
Producing carbon-neutral chemicals and securing clean water are considered the most critical issues facing humanity over the next five decades. Among the proposed technical solutions to address these challenges, photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) systems working with inexhaustible carbon-free solar energy have been proven to be environmentally benign and technically feasible. Considering the maritime transport of green chemicals (e.g., H2), PEC systems must be operated near coastal areas with abundant saline water for cheap production. This study presents a PEC desalination charger for hybrid water reuse and solar chemical production. The primary feature of the PEC system is that it simultaneously drives many valuable reactions in a single device. During desalination of brackish water, the desalted Cl- is oxidized to reactive chlorine species (RCSs; represented by HOCl/OCl−), which effectively mediate the oxidation of aquatic contaminants in the photoanode compartment. The desalted Na+ is concurrently accumulated in an aqueous Na metal electrode (Na on carbon felt, NaxC). We designed a PEC desalination cell comprising visible light–active photoanodes (W-doped BiVO4 deposited with CoOOH) with selective chloride oxidation reaction and a NaxC cathode with saline water (NaCl at 10 g·L−1). The photoanodes were particularly tailored to partially oxidize the desalted chloride to RCSs while minimizing hyperoxidation into less reactive species (e.g., ClO3−) under simulated sunlight. These in situ generated RCSs effectively mediated the oxidation of mixed aquatic contaminants (As3+ and NH3). NaxC was photocharged simultaneously with the desalted Na+. After termination of irradiation, the charged NaxC was used to produce H2O2 via O2 reduction reaction (E° = 0.695 V), H2 via HER (E° = 0 V), and formic acid via CO2RR (E° = −0.2 V) with the as-designed carbon nanotubes (CNTs), NiMoS, and Bi, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to demonstrate a solar desalination charger. This approach should address an intrinsic challenge facing PEC systems whose operation is limited to the intermittent nature of sunlight with daily fluctuations and unavailability during nighttime.
FD-4:L29 Combining Pyro- and Photocatalysis by using Ferroelectric Materials
C. BAMBERG, S. MAHALA, S. GLINSEK, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
Photocatalytic water splitting enables direct conversion of solar radiation into chemical fuel and could provide a more economical route to green hydrogen than the two-step photovoltaics–electrolysis process. We study whether the charges generated on the surface of ferroelectric nanoparticles via the pyroelectric effect can improve their photocatalytic performance by combining photoexcitation with temperature variations. Our work focuses on BiFeO3, a material which combines ferroelectric properties with a suitable band gap (~2.2 eV) for visible-light absorption. Although the high Curie temperature of pure BiFeO3 (~825 °C) limits its pyroelectric response at ranges suitable for water-based reactions (0-100°C), that temperature can be reduced via doping with rare-earth elements. We synthesized BiFeO3 nanoparticles with a perovskite structure and we tuned the Curie temperature via A-site doping with Sm and Nd (0-20%). In this contribution, we will show the influence of the particle size, morphology and composition on the pyroelectrocatalytic activity of BiFeO3 via the degradation of model organic dyes such as Rhodamine B. Furthermore, we will show its performance as pyroelectric catalyst for water splitting in combination with photoexcitation.
Session FD-5 Understanding Fundamentals of Charge-induced Processes and Charge Transport
FD-5:IL30 Operando Spectroscopy of Li-mediated Nitrogen Reduction Catalysis
YU KATAYAMA, SANKEN, The University of Osaka, Ibaraki, Japan
Electrochemical ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions offers a decentralized, low-carbon alternative to the conventional Haber-Bosch process, which is responsible for over 1% of global CO₂ emissions. Among various approaches, lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction reaction (Li-NRR)—pioneered by Tsuneto et al. in the 1990s and regained the spotlight by Andersen et al. in 2019—has emerged as one of the most promising. It has demonstrated commercially relevant ammonia production rates and high Faradaic efficiencies. Despite recent advances, challenges persist in controlling and understanding the complex interfacial phenomena that govern ammonia synthesis selectivity/performance. This presentation will share the latest insights into these interfacial processes using the operando surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) technique, a promising lab-based tool for gaining a molecular-level understanding of interfacial electrochemical processes. We will demonstrate how comprehensive characterization of the electrolyte–electrode interface can provide new levers to modulate proton transfer and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, ultimately enhancing both the activity and stability of the Li-NRR system.
FD-5:IL32 Towards the Discovery of Single-Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Reactions with Atomistic Simulations
G. DI LIBERTO, Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
Single Atom Catalysts (SACs) are emerging as a new frontier in the field, especially for electrocatalytic applications. Computational chemistry offers a valid framework to access the atomistic details of electrocatalytic processes and to rationalize or even predict novel systems. Recently, a lot of attention has been dedicated to the reactions of evolution and conversion of molecular hydrogen and oxygen from or to liquid water.1 The activity of SACs is usually rationalized or predicted using concepts of heterogeneous catalysis.2 In this presentation, we discuss the key ingredients to model electrocatalytic processes on SACs. SACs differ substantially from metal surfaces and can be considered analogues of coordination compounds.3 We show that the same can occur on SACs and their formation may change the kinetics of the process.4,5 We propose an approach to predict the stability of SACs under working conditions of pH and applied voltage.6 Needless to say, the adopted DFT functional affects the accuracy of the predictions, and we show evidence suggesting that self-interaction corrected schemes should be adopted.7 Furthermore, we provide evidence that electrochemical reaction conditions can drive changes to the structure of the active phase with respect to the as-prepared material, explaining the observed reactivity.8 Last, we discuss ways to detect key reactive species with electrochemical methods and we provide examples on the need to explicitly simulate polarization curves to provide quantitative predictions on the catalytic activity. This work highlights key concepts in single site catalysis9 and focuses on a few important ingredients to be accounted for when attempting to provide predictions with computational frameworks.
[1] L. Cao, Q. Luo, W. Liu, Y. Lin, X. Liu, Y. Cao, W. Zhang, Y. Wu, J. Yang, T. Yao, S. Wei, Nat. Catal. 2 (2019) 134. [2] J.K. Nørskov, T. Bligaard, A. Logadottir, J.R. Kitchin, J.G. Chen, S. Pandelov, U. Stimming, J. Electrochem. Soc. 152 (2005), J23. [3] G.J. Kubas, Chem. Rev. 107 (2007), 4152; R.H. Crabtree, Chem. Rev. 116 (2016), 8750. [4] G. Di Liberto, L.A. Cipriano, G. Pacchioni, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143 (2021), 40321; ACS Catalysis 19 (2022), 11682; I. Barlocco, L.A. Cipriano, G. Di Liberto, G. Pacchioni J.Catal. 417, 351 (2023). [5] G. Di Liberto et al, Curr. Opin. Electrochem 101343 (2023); J. Power. Sources 556 (2023), 232492; Adv. Mater. 35, 2307150 (2023). [6] G. Di Liberto, L. Giordano, G. Pacchioni ACS Catalysis 14, 45 (2024). [7] I. Barlocco, L.A. Cipriano, G. Di Liberto, G. Pacchioni. Adv. Theo. & Simul. 6, 2200513 (2023). [8] A. Bonardi, S. Xu, G. Di Liberto, G. Pacchioni, J. Phys. Chem. Lett 16, 10049 (2025). [9] C. Saetta, I. Barlocco, G. Di Liberto, G. Pacchioni, Small 20, 2401058 (2024).
FD-5:IL33 Exciton Dynamics in 2D Semiconductors Revealed by GW+Realtime-BSE Simulations
XIANG JIANG, AOLEI WANG, XIRUI TIAN, QIJING ZHENG, JIN ZHAO, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
Excitons play a central role in determining the optical and transport properties of two-dimensional semiconductors. To capture their nonequilibrium behavior beyond the single-particle picture, we have developed a GW+realtime Bethe–Salpeter equation (GW+realtimeBSE) framework by integrating many-body perturbation theory with real-time nonadiabatic molecular dynamics. This approach enables direct simulation of exciton relaxation dynamics with full inclusion of electron–hole interactions. By applying this method to prototypical systems such as MoS₂ and TiO₂, we reveal that many-body electron–hole interactions open additional relaxation pathways that markedly accelerate the redistribution of exciton populations from high-lying to low-lying excitonic states. These results provide microscopic insights into ultrafast energy relaxation in low-dimensional systems and offer a predictive framework for manipulating excitonic processes in emerging quantum and optoelectronic materials.
Session FD-6 Design Approaches for Advanced Applications
FD-6:IL34 Challenges of Using Impure Feeds for CO2 Electrolysis to High Value Products
R. KORTLEVER, Department of Process & Energy, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
CO2 electrolysis to fuels or commodity chemicals, driven by renewable energy, provides a unique opportunity to both utilize CO2 and store renewable energy in chemical bonds. The CO2 feedstock for the CO2 electrolysis can be obtained from various sources, such as from direct air capture (DAC) or from point sources such as the chemical industry or power plants. One of the major drawbacks of using industrial CO2 point sources is the presence of contaminants such as SO2, H2S, COS, NOx and other volatile organic compounds that could be highly detrimental to the catalysts that drive the conversion of CO2 to products. In this talk, I will discuss the influence of various concentrations of S-based gaseous impurities, specifically SO2, H2S and COS, on the selectivity, product distribution and catalyst stability during CO2 electrolysis. I will show that the suppression is related to the type of contaminant, its concentration, the cathode potential, catalyst material used and the cell configuration. Moreover, I will provide insights on the degradation pathways and highlight the importance of these results for the design of large-scale processes that convert CO2 feeds with these impurities.
FD-6:IL35 Photothermo-catalytic Approaches for the CO2 Valorisation
R. FIORENZA, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
The urgent need to develop sustainable catalytic routes for CO₂ valorization has driven growing interest in hybrid catalytic systems. Among them, photothermocatalysis stands out as a particularly promising strategy, merging the high efficiency of thermocatalysis with the green and selective nature of photocatalysis. This synergy enables enhanced catalytic performance and substantial energy savings compared to conventional single-mode approaches. This lecture will explore the potential of solar photothermo-catalysis for the conversion of CO₂ into solar fuels using noble metal-free catalysts. Special emphasis will be given to CeO₂- and CuOₓ-based phyllosilicates and hybrid hydrotalcite-derived systems exhibiting coupled redox and photoactive features. Furthermore, An innovative integrated process will be presented, in which CO₂ is generated from the catalytic oxidation of VOCs and subsequently transformed into solar fuels, converting air pollutants into valuable products. Finally, the different operational modes—thermo-assisted, photo-assisted, photo-driven, and photothermo-co-catalysis will be discussed, outlining the future perspectives of this emerging field.
FD-6:IL36 From Photocatalysis to Cesium Adsorption: Exploring ZnFe Prussian Blue Analogues and TiO2 Composite Strategies
SOONHYUN KIM, Division of Energy & Environmental Technology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
My research journey into cesium (^137Cs) removal began with a photocatalytic approach using Prussian Blue (PB)-deposited TiO₂ composites. These hybrids combine the high surface area and light-induced reactivity of TiO₂ with PB’s ion-exchange ability, providing an effective route for radioactive cesium capture. This work inspired my broader exploration of Prussian Blue analogues (PBAs), especially ZnFe-based systems, which exhibit diverse structures and tunable adsorption mechanisms beyond conventional composites. In this lecture, I will present ZnFe-PBAs synthesized via photochemical and chemical pathways, focusing on how framework structures and oxidation states can be adjusted for selective Cs⁺ uptake. Two representative systems—ZnFe–W, showing rapid structural transformation for fast adsorption–desorption, and ZnFe–Y, maintaining a stable cubic framework for multi-cycle performance—will be highlighted. Using XRD, FTIR, and XPS, I will discuss structure–adsorption correlations and K⁺/Cs⁺ ion-exchange mechanisms. By bridging photocatalysis-inspired composites with advanced PBAs, this talk aims to provide new insights into materials-driven strategies for nuclear wastewater remediation and environmental radiocesium monitoring.
FD-6:IL37 Nitrogen Species Electroreduction into Ammonia: Electrochemical Technologies Frontiers
A. MANGINI, L. SIBELLA, G. ZAGATTI, S. GARCIA-BALLESTEROS, F. BELLA, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
Electrochemical nitrogen (species) reduction reaction (E-NRR) represents the most promising process for renewable-driven and delocalized NH3 and fertilizers production. Finding a complementary pathway to the Haber-Bosh (HB) process allows a step forward to the net-zero carbon emission policy, essential to contrast the climate crisis. The current scenario is mainly focused on the electroreduction of molecular nitrogen or, more simply, of nitrate ions present in an ad hoc prepared solution or in a sample of polluted water. The process can be conducted in different types of reactors and the effect of fluid dynamics is significant. Among other salient aspects, the choice of the electrolyte, the presence of mediators (typically cations of the first group), and the selection of an electrocatalyst emerge. In the Electrochemistry Group at Politecnico di Torino (Italy) we are exploring both Li-mediated processes for nitrogen electroreduction and low-impact processes for nitrate electroreduction. Efficiencies above 30%, with high reproducibility, have been achieved and will be the subject of this contribution.
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon Europe Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (GA 101213773).
FD-6:L38 Cu based Layered Double Hydroxides as Single Phase for Light Harvesting and Electrochemical Conversion
F. BASILE, E. TOSI BRANDI, A. SANGIORGI, N SANGIORGI, E. SCAVETTA, A. SANSON, J. DE MARON, A. FASOLINI, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
The photoelectrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (PEC-CO2RR) to generate fuels and chemicals is a promising approach to address decarbonization. Usually PEC systems rely on photocathodes composed by a photoactive phase and a catalytically active one. However, the combination of such heterogeneous surfaces is not easy to optimize. Herein, we propose for the first time the use of Cu-containing Layered Double Hydroxide as single phase photocathode material for light-assisted CO2 reduction providing simultaneous light-absorption and CO2 electrocatalytic conversion. By exploiting the unique properties of LDH, photoelectrochemical CO2 conversion into C2 and C3 oxygenated products have been successfully performed in a PEC system operating under low external applied voltage. Using scalable synthetic procedures to produce both powders and photoelectrodes, i.e. coprecipitation and screen-printing technique, two different compositions of LDH, namely Cu/Mg/Al and Cu/Mg/Fe were obtained. Full characterization of structure/morphology, photoelectrochemical, and catalytic properties allowed a deep understanding of the role of metal elements within LDH structure on photocathodes performances and PEC CO2RR, with Fe providing strong benefits to light harvesting and electrocatalytic activity.
FD-6:IL39 Sorption Enhanced Pyrolysis/Gasification of Biomass using Li/Na Ceramic Materials
A. AUDU, A. SANNA, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
Sorption-enhanced pyrolysis and gasification offer a promising route for clean hydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass by combining catalytic reforming with in-situ CO₂ capture. In this study, LiNbO₃ and NaNbO₃ ceramics were synthesised and evaluated as dual-function materials for the catalytic pyrolysis and steam reforming of Etek lignin. TGA analysis showed that both alkali-niobate catalysts can adsorb CO2 under steam reforming conditions while the reforming tests resulted in a 48-53 wt% syngas with an volumetric hydrogen content of 50-53 %. FTIR of regenerated NaNbO₃ revealed a carbonate band at 1427 cm⁻¹, confirming active CO₂ adsorption sites and intact Nb–O stretching (844–877 cm⁻¹), indicating structural stability. NaNbO₃ retained its crystallinity after repeated 700 °C cycles, unlike Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts that rapidly deactivate via coke deposition and sintering. These results establish NaNbO₃ as a robust, multifunctional catalyst that enhances both hydrogen production and CO₂ capture during lignin conversion.
FD-6:IL40 Zeolite-supported Ni catalysts for Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Fuels
N. SHEZAD, F. AKHTAR, Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
The catalytic conversion of CO₂ to CH₄ via the Sabatier reaction offers a sustainable route for greenhouse gas utilization and renewable energy storage. Ni-based catalysts are attractive for their activity and low cost but suffer from sintering and carbon deposition. This work investigates hierarchical zeolite 13X (h13X) as a support for Ni catalysts, emphasizing control of metal–support interactions (MSI) and Ni dispersion through structural and surface modifications. Functionalization of h13X with (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTES) produced well-dispersed Ni nanolayers anchored at defect sites, enhancing MSI and stability during CO₂ methanation. Co addition as a cocatalyst introduced Ni–Co electronic synergy, lowered activation energy, stabilized nanoparticles, and achieved ~75% CO₂ conversion with ~98% CH₄ selectivity at 400 °C and 20 bar. Promoter oxides (La, Mg, Ca, Ce) further tuned basicity and MSI; La-promoted Ni/h13X reached 76% CO₂ conversion, while Mg provided superior durability. Controlled surface chemistry and hierarchical support design enable stable, efficient CO₂-to-CH₄ conversion for carbon-neutral fuel applications.
FD-6:IL41 Waste Biomass Derived Platinum Group Metal-Free Oxygen Reducing Catalysts
M. MUHYUDDIN, C. SANTORO, Electrocatalysis and Bioelectrocatalysis Lab, Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
Today's world faces two major challenges: first, an energy crisis driven by the depletion of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions; and second, environmental degradation caused by inadequate waste management. Annually, a huge amount of biomass as agro-industrial waste is produced globally and remains outside the mainstream recycling chains. However, they can be transformed into carbonaceous char that can be further functionalized with a low-cost transition metal, i.e., Fe and nitrogen in a single atom configuration. The resulting materials in the form of metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-Cs) can replace scarce and expensive platinum group metals (PGMs), which are typically used to enhance the kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) occurring at the cathode of fuel cells and limiting their commercialisation. In this pursuit, waste lignin was used to produce mono and bi-metallic Fe-based ORR catalysts that delivered half-wave (E 1/2 ) of 0.874 V (vs RHE) and ∼0.76 V (vs RHE), in alkaline and acidic media, while giving a peak power density of 261 mW cm −2 at the current density of ∼577 mA cm −2 in an anion exchange membrane fuel cell. Similarly, lichi peels were transformed into M-N-Cs that realize the promising E 1/2 of 0.81 V, along with desirable direct four-electron ORR.