Symposium CM
ABSTRACTS
Session CM-1 Photonic nanomaterials and nanostructures for photonics and energy
CM-1:IL01 Integrating 2D Materials and Ferroelectrics for Next-Generation Photonics and Optoelectronics
M.O. RAMÍREZ, D. HERNÁNDEZ-PINILLA, M.J. MARTINEZ MORILLO, G. LÓPEZ-POLIN, L.E. BAUSÁ, Dept. Física de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
The integration of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors with ferroelectric crystals provides a powerful approach for actively controlling light–matter interactions at the nanoscale. Here, we show a gate-free spatial modulation of the charge carrier density in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) deposited on the polar surface of a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal. The spatial modulation arises from a photoinduced charging process that strongly depends on the ferroelectric domain orientation, where light excitation promotes charge generation and transfer across the monolayer–substrate interface. As will be shown, this mechanism not only allows the modulation of the linear optical response of monolayer TMDs, but also enables the enhancement and modulation of second-harmonic generation in 2D-TMD/PPLN heterostructures, paving the way towards programmable ultrathin photonic platforms compatible with integrated technologies.
CM-1:IL02 A Third Order Nonlinear Optical Characterization of Niobium-silicon Mixed-oxide Composites using Z-scanning Methods Based on Femtosecond Laser Sources
Z. IQBAL1, I. MAZZUOCCOLO2, A. BIFULCO2, C. IMPARATO2, M. GIOFFRÈ1, A. ARONNE2, L. SIRLETO1, 1National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Naples, Italy; 2Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
The fine tuning of nonlinear optical (NLO) response of silica-based materials by means of the control of structural transformations occurring at the nano scale (nanostructuring) is a huge challenge, as it can open new avenues to explore and control the quantum states of light. Amorphous and/or crystalline nanostructured gel-derived materials were obtained in the Nb2O5-SiO2 mixed-oxide system by a bottom-up approach, establishing proper sol-gel routes, inspired to sustainability and circularity criteria of Green Chemistry, and suitable drying and heat treatment programs. Niobium-silicon mixed-oxide composites, whose nominal composition can be expressed by the formula (Nb2O5)x·(SiO2)1-x with x=0.025, 0.050, 0.10 and 0.20, were prepared by sol-gel method using ammonium niobate (V) oxalate hydrate (ANbO), NH4[NbO(C2O4)2(H2O2)2] and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), Si(OC2H5)4, as starting materials. A nonlinear optical characterization of the sample has been performed using Z-scan methods based on femtosecond laser sources. The findings highlight that these materials could be promising candidates for nonlinear and quantum optics applications.
CM-1:IL03 Integrated Light-emitting Photonic Devices on Silicon Nitride Platform
THI NGOC LAM TRAN, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
Silicon nitride (Si3N4) has established itself as a cornerstone material for photonic integrated circuits (PICs) thanks to its ultra-low optical loss, wide transparency window, and high nonlinear effects. In recent years, significant efforts have focused on integrating active materials with Si3N4 to introduce optical gain and electro-optic functionalities, transforming it from a passive photonic platform into low-loss PIC technology with versatile active capabilities. In this invited talk, I will present recent advances in the heterogeneous integration of semiconductor and solid-state gain materials directly onto Si3N4 chips to realize on-chip amplifiers and lasers. I will discuss various integration strategies, including micro-transfer printing, bonding, and thin-film deposition, highlighting their respective advantages and scalability. Examples will include heterogeneously integrated III-V/ Si3N4 lasers for frequency comb generation and rare-earth on Si3N4 waveguides, amplifiers and lasers. These developments pave the way for advanced and multifunctional Si3N4 photonic systems for next-generation communication, datacom, sensing, precision metrology, and quantum photonics.
This work is supported by the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet) through the project META-PIX (Grant No. 2022-06575).
CM-1:IL04 Nanostructured Vanadate-Based Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties and Applications
D.J. MARINKOVIĆ, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Nanostructured materials play a significant role in the advancement of scientific research due to their unique physicochemical properties. This work we will be focused on the development of innovative synthesis techniques, characterization, physicochemical properties and applications of two different groups of colloidal nanostructured vanadate materials. The first group consists rare-earth orthovanadates (REVO4) such as GdVO4, NdVO4, DyVO4, SmVO4, while the second group consists of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4). The REVO4 have proved to be good host lattices for optically active trivalent lanthanide (Ln3+) ions giving strong luminescence assigned to absorption of the vanadate groups and the efficient energy transfer between host lattice and Ln3+ ions. On other hand, the BiVO4 possesses non-toxic nature, distinct physical and chemical properties and a good response to visible-light excitation showing great photocatalytic features. Both, undoped and Ln3+-doped REVO4 have been extensively studied as an important class of materials for different applications such as fluorescence temperature sensors, luminescent probe for hydrogen peroxide and for enzymatic sensing of glucose, for multifunctional deep‐tissue photothermal therapy and electromagnetic interface shielding.
CM-1:IL05 Bioinspired Micro-nano Photonic Materials
MINGZHU LI, Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Controlling the interaction between light and matter through optical structures has laid the foundations for a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from colors, lasers, and optoelectronics, to quantum information processing. Inspired by the natural hierarchical optical structures, we developed a series of micro-nano photonic materials with a low spatial footprint and enhanced light-matter interaction. Deep-strong coupling of different optical structures, such as Fabry-Pérot interferometers, distributed Bragg reflectors, photonic crystals and grating structures, unlocks a large variety of novel phenomena spanning traditionally distant research areas. Moreover, we emerge compound optical structure materials with surface-functionalization, chemical regulation, and optoelectronic device which open prospects for diverse applications, including anti-counterfeiting, encryption, sensing, displays, photovoltaics and imaging.
CM-1:L06 Optoelectronics and Photonics of Single Dislocations in Van der Waals Nanowires
P. SUTTER, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; E. SUTTER, Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
Crystal defects such as dislocations are generally seen as detrimental to technology, but extensive calculations suggest that dislocation effects could support novel applications. Identifying and accessing such functionality requires control over the placement and geometry of single dislocations, embedded in a small host to maximize their effects. Here, we report a route for introducing single dislocations with precisely tunable character (i.e., edge/screw ratio) in van der Waals nanowires. Such deterministic control enables probing the optoelectronics/photonics of single dislocations. Eshelby twist in GeS nanowires with single screw dislocations modulates light emission via unique helicoid twist moirés. The twisted structure for the first time allowed identifying chirality effects in photonic (whispering gallery) modes of single nanostructures. Finally, single-nanowire quantum efficiency measurements expose the role of different edge/screw ratios in the competition between radiative and nonradiative recombination. The ability to design nanomaterials containing single dislocations with controlled geometry paves the way for a paradigm shift from the traditional strategy of suppressing defects to embracing dislocations as core elements of new technologies.
CM-1:L07 Prediction of Optical Properties in Particulate Media using Optimized Monte Carlo Method
XIAO ZHOU, ZHONGYANG WANG, TONGXIANG FAN, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
The prediction of optical properties dominated by light scattering in particulate media composed of high-concentration and polydisperse particles is greatly important in various optical applications. However, the accuracy and efficiency of light propagation simulations are still limited by the huge computational burden and complex interactions between dense and polydisperse particles. Here, we proposed a new optimization strategy that can effectively and accurately predict optical properties based on Monte Carlo simulation with particle size and dependent scattering corrections. Both the scattering parameters of particles and the experimental reflectance spectrum are fully examined for verification. Furthermore, using the weighted solar reflectance of particulate media as a representative optical property, both numerical simulations and experiments confirm the superiority and universality of the proposed optimization approach in a variety of materials systems. Moreover, our work can guide the design of particulate media with specific optical features insightfully and will be applicable in many fields involving multiparticle scattering.
CM-1:L07b ML-Assisted Discovery of Inorganic Thermoelectric Oxides with Enhanced Power Factor for Advanced Energy Applications
P. YAMCHUMPORN1,2, K. BOONIN1,2, P. YASAKA1,2, YIFAN SUN3, KEN KUROSAKI3, J. KAEWKHAO1,2, 1Physics Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, NakhonPathomRajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; 2Center of Excellence in Glass Technology and Materials Science (CEGM), Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; 3Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Sennan, Japan
Inorganic thermoelectric oxides represent an emerging class of functional nanomaterials for energy harvesting and thermal–photonic conversion owing to their stability and optical–thermal robustness. Yet, their performance remains limited by the intrinsic trade-off between the power factor (PF = S²σ) and thermal conductivity (κ). This work establishes an interpretable machine-learning (ML) framework to discover oxide compositions and nanostructured systems exhibiting enhanced PF over a wide temperature range, linking experimentally reported data to energy-oriented material design. Data were extracted from StarryData2 under a reported-data-only policy. After unit standardization and temperature binning (NEI ± 25 K), 1,544 records containing S, σ, and κ were refined to 817 clean entries. A random-forest model with five-fold GroupKFold (by family) was trained, applying post-hoc calibration (non-negativity) and quantile regression (q20–q80) for bias correction and uncertainty analysis. The model reproduced PF values accurately and revealed compositional and structural indicators associated with high-PF behavior in oxide frameworks relevant to photonic and energy applications. This ML-assisted, data-driven strategy provides a transparent pathway from experimental data to discovery. P. Yamchumporn would like to thank the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) and Tensor Products Limited Partnership for supporting the project (Project number N41A650415). We want to express our sincere gratitude to Professor Ken Kurosaki and Assistant Professor Yifan Sun (Kyoto University) for their invaluable guidance throughout the course of this research. Special thanks to K. Boonin and J. Kaewkhao for their advice and suggestions. K. Boonin and J. Kaewkhao thank Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) and the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) for supporting this research.
CM-1:IL08 Bloch Surface Wave Enhanced Emission and Sensing using Photonic Crystal Coupled Emission Platform
S. PANDIT, B. VEERAGHATTAM, School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India; R. MURALI, S.S. KUMAR RAAVI, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India; S. SUDHA M. LIS, CNR-IFN, Trento, Italy; P. DAS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Europe, Dijon, France; S. BHASKAR, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; N. HOLONYAK Jr., Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL); C.R. WOESE, Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; P. KUMAR GUHA, Department of Electronic and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India; S. BHAKTHA B N, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
A tailored photonic crystal (PhC) confines optical states resonantly at specific wavelengths with extremely high quality-factors (Q-factors), significantly increasing the local density of states, giving rise to unprecedented enhancements in fluorescence and detection levels when coupled to appropriate chemical species. Further, subwavelength electromagnetic field confinement by plasmonic nanoparticles leads to the generation of ‘hotspots’ which are ultrasensitive towards optical and biochemical measurements. We present the design and experimental realization of engineered photo-plasmonic structures for excitation of Bloch surface waves (BSWs), confined on the surface of the PhC, towards the development of very high intensity on-chip sources and ultrasensitive sensor platform. Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) having high luminescent efficiencies are of great interest in optoelectronics. The Purcell enhanced spontaneous emission rate and highly directional photoluminescence of CsPbBr3 QDs coupled to the BSW mode will be presented. Further the developed PhC coupled emission platform has been demonstrated for the detection of volatile organic compounds, femtomolar aluminum ions, femtomolar iodide and zeptomolar cortisol at a single molecular level.
CM-1:L09 Biomimetic Photonic Multiform Composite for High Performance Radiative Cooling
TONGXIANG FAN, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R.China
Nanostructures on bodies of biological inhabitants in severe environments can exhibit excellent thermoregulation, which provide inspirations for artifi cial radiative cooling materials. However, achieving both large scale manufacturing and flexible form compatibility to various applications needs remains as a formidable challenge. Here a biomimetic strategy is adopted to design a thermal photonic com posite for high efficiency daytime radiative cooling. Cicadae, thermophilic insects that have been startlingly reported to have higher population densities as the urban heat island (UHI) intensity is growing, have attracted little attention for their th ermoregulation. In this work, the optimized thermoregulatory ability of golden cicada’s hair is first studied. Then, a microimprint combined with phase separation method is developed for fabricating a biomimetic photonic material made of porous polymer ceramic composite profiled in microhumps. The composite demonstrates high solar reflectance (97.6%) and infrared emissivity (95.5%) in atmospheric window, which results in a cooling power of 78 W m 2 and a maximum subambient temperature drop of 6.6 °C at noon. This work offers biomimetic approach for developing high performance thermal regulation materials and devices.
CM-1:L10 Flexible Glass Planar Systems Fabricated by rf-sputtering
L.T.N. TRAN1,2, S. SUDHA MARIA LIS1, A. CARLOTTO3, A. SZCZUREK4, R. DELL'ANNA5,1, B. BABIARCZU6, O. SAYGINER7, S. VARAS1, A. VINANTE1, S.M. PIETRALUNGA8, J. KRZAK6, O.S. BURSI9,1, D. ZONTA9,1, A. LUKOWIAK10, G.C. RIGHINI11, V.M. SGLAVO12, M. FERRARI1, A. CHIASERA1, 1IFN-CNR, CSMFO Lab and FBK Photonics Unit, Trento, Italy; 2Dept. of Materials Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, HCMC University of Technology and Education; 3FBK-SE Center - HyRes; 4Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Poland; 5FBK-SD Sensors and Devices Center; 6Dept. of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland; 7Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University; 8IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy; 9DICAM, University of Trento, Italy; 10ILTSR PAS, Wroclaw, Poland; 11IFAC-CNR, MiPLab, Firenze, Italy; 12Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Italy
We present flexible SiO2/HfO2 one-dimensional photonic crystals and SiO2-HfO2:Er3+ flexible planar waveguides, fabricated via radio frequency sputtering. The structural, morphological, spectroscopic and optical features of the samples were investigated. One of the most remarkable finding lies in the experimental evidence showing that even after breakage, with visible cracks forming in the flexible glass, the multilayer structures largely retain their integrity. The waveguiding system, deposited on ultrathin flexible glass substrate, showed an attenuation coefficient lower than 0.2 dB/cm at 1.54 μm and exhibits emission in the NIR region.[1,2].
This research is supported by the projects: CANVAS, LEMAQUME-QuantERA, Project PNRR NFFA-DI, PRIN 2022 PNRR P2022YM8J3 “NANOscale nondestructive spectroscopic mapping of defectS in heterojunction dEvicES - NANOSEES”, HORIZON-TMA-MSCA-DN Met2Adapt.
1. G. Zanetti, et. al., “1D photonic crystals fabricated by RF sputtering”, Proceedings SPIE 13003 (2024) pp. 130030R-1/12, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3025887; 2. A. Carlotto, et. al., "Low losses Er3+-doped flexible planar waveguide: Toward an all-glass flexible planar photonic system", Ceramics International 49 (2023) pp. 41217-41221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.03.012
Session CM-2 Luminescent and chromogenic ceramics and glass systems
CM-2:IL11 Photoluminescent Bioactive Glass and Glass-ceramic
A. LUKOWIAK, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Wroclaw, Poland; B. BORAK, Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
Luminescent bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics are biocompatible materials capable of forming strong bonds with biological tissues while exhibiting luminescent properties. Photoluminescence (PL) is most often achieved through the incorporation of rare-earth ions (RE). The most extensively studied group of materials consists of an amorphous or partially crystallized matrix made up of SiO₂, CaO and P₂O₅, which is activated by Eu³⁺ ions. Other systems, are doped with Sm3+, Tb3+, Ce3+, Er3+, Gd3+, Yb3+, Dy3+, Nd3+, or co-doped with two different ions. The presented studies focus on the luminescent properties of such systems and their potential use as optical probes in medical applications. PL intensity and PL lifetime are the main parameters verified during glass testing. The light upconversion observed in co-doped systems is of particular interest for biological applications. PL glasses are useful for real-time tracking of drug delivery, monitoring implant degradation (biomineralization) leading to bone formation and soft tissues regeneration, or for sensing. These innovative materials hold promise for next-generation regenerative medicine, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic platforms.
CM-2:IL12 Extending the Sensing Range of Optical Fiber Thermometers by using Visible/Infrared Dual Channel Fluorescence of Yb and Er Codoped Oxyfluoride Glass-ceramics
G. GORNI, M. SEDANO, M.J. PASCUAL, Ceramics and Glass Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; M. KOCHANOWICZ, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland; D. DOROSZ, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland; C. ZALDO, Materials Science Institute of Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
This study presents a dual-wavelength approach for Er³⁺-based optical fiber thermometry, combining visible and infrared (IR) ratiometric photoluminescence (PL) to extend the sensing range by over 150 K toward higher temperatures. Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped oxyfluoride glass-ceramic (GC) optical fibers containing LaF₃ or NaLuF₄ nanocrystals are used. The conventional green upconversion (UC) emission (2H11/2 vs 4S3/2 → 4I15/2) limits reliable sensing to below 650 K due to PL quenching. However, IR emission based on the redistribution within the ⁴I₁₃/₂ multiplet shifts this limit above 800 K, offering much lower optical losses and PL yields up to four orders of magnitude higher. While GCs enhance the UC intensity compared to precursor glasses, no significant differences are observed for the IR emission or thermometric performance after crystallization.
This work has been supported by MICINN under project PID2024-157258NB-C21 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER,UE.
CM-2:IL13 Functionally Graded Luminescent, Optical Transparent Composite Ceramics Consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering
O. KHASANOV, E. DVILIS, V. PAYGIN, D. VALIEV, S. STEPANOV, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
The report summarizes R&D results to manufacture several types of the optically transparent, luminescent functionally graded layered composite ceramics (FGC) from Y3Al5O12, ZrO2-Y2O3, MgAl2O4 nanopowders with rare earth activators Eu, Ce, Lu, Tb, Dy, Gd. Spark plasma sintering was applied using patented method of the collector pressing to increase the thickness of optically transparent ceramics. The sizes of the samples were up to 20 mm in diameter and 7.5 mm thick. Approaches to optimize the manufacturing modes of ceramics having the best complex of optical and mechanical properties are described [1-7]. The application prospects of the developed FGC are discussed.
1. D. Valiev, et al. // Ceramics International, 2025, DOI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.384; 2. V. Paygin, et al. // Ceramics International, 2025, DOI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.464; 3. D. Valiev, et al. // Ceramics International, 2024, DOI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.03.211; 4. D. Valiev, et al. // Ceramics International, 2024, DOI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.03.040; 5. D. Valiev, et al. // Journal of Optical Technology, 2024, DOI 10.1364/JOT.91.000354; 6. D. Valiev, et al. // Ceramics International, 2023, DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.07.277; 7. Paygin V.,et al. // Optical Materials, 2022, DOI 10.1016/j.optmat.2022.112332.
CM-2:IL14 Integration of Vanadium-Doped Phosphors in Glass and Ceramic Matrices
S. CARMONA-TÉLLEZ1, A.N. MEZA-ROCHA1, R. LOZADA2, 1Secretaria de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación - Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico; 2Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
Vanadium-based phosphors have garnered significant scientific interest due to their notable properties, including high luminescent quantum efficiency, excellent thermal and chemical stability, and cost-effective production. However, their powder morphology presents an inherent limitation for direct integration into optoelectronic devices. To overcome this challenge, these phosphors require embedding within host materials possessing complementary physical characteristics such as mechanical robustness, low surface roughness, and structural flexibility. The fabrication of composite materials represents a viable solution, achieved through two primary approaches: incorporation into amorphous glass matrices (forming phosphor-in-glass, or PiG, composites) or integration into crystalline hosts like yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG). This work systematically investigates the integration of vanadium-based phosphors within both glass and crystalline matrices to develop advanced composite materials for photonic applications.
CM-2:L15 Design and Characterization of Nd³⁺-Doped Telluro-Silicate Glasses for Laser Materials
P. YASAKA, W. WONGWAN, K. BOONIN, J. KAEWKHAO, Physics Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; and Center of Excellence in Glass Technology and Materials Science (CEGM), Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
Nd³⁺-doped telluro-silicate glasses with compositions (50-x)SiO₂–20TeO₂–15Na₂O–15BaO–xNd₂O₃ (x = 0.00–2.00 mol%) were prepared by melt-quenching and annealed at 500 °C. Density, refractive index, absorption, photoluminescence (PL), PL quantum yield, and lifetime were characterized. Absorption spectra revealed multiple Nd³⁺ transitions (⁴I₉/₂ → excited levels at 432–880 nm) with intensity increasing with Nd₂O₃ content. Judd-Ofelt analysis yielded intensity parameters (Ω₂, Ω₄, Ω₆), providing insight into radiative efficiency. Strong near-infrared emission at 1063 nm (⁴F₃/₂ → ⁴I₁₁/₂) under 808 nm excitation was observed, with emission intensity maximized at 0.50 mol% Nd₂O₃ and quenched at higher concentrations. These results highlight the potential of Nd³⁺-doped telluro-silicate glasses as promising solid-state laser materials.
CM-2:L16 Rare-Earth-free Deep UV Phosphor: Spark Plasma Sintered Zn2SiO4 Ceramics Under Synchrotron Radiation Excitation
J. NECIB, I. HUSSAINOVA, R.E. ROJAS-HERNANDEZ, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
Deep UV technologies are essential for sterilization, phototherapy, and disinfection, yet depend on critical materials including rare earth elements, gallium, and toxic mercury. These dependencies create supply vulnerabilities and environmental challenges, driving urgent demand for sustainable alternatives. Consolidated rare-earth-free phosphor ceramics remain underexplored despite their potential for robust photonic applications. This work introduces spark plasma sintering (SPS) for consolidating Zn2SiO4 ceramics as intrinsic deep UV emitters. We systematically compare SPS against conventional sintering (CS), evaluating densification, microstructure, and luminescence. SPS yielded near-theoretical density with homogeneous microstructure. Synchrotron-excited photoluminescence spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures revealed intense UV-B emission at 283 nm and identified excitation mechanisms through bandgap, [SiO4]4-, and [ZnO4]6- transitions. SPS-processed ceramics showed threefold enhanced emission intensity versus CS samples. This study establishes earth-abundant Zn2SiO4 ceramics as viable alternatives to critical-material-dependent UV technologies, demonstrating how advanced consolidation enables sustainable, high-performance photonic materials for next-generation applications.
CM-2:L17 Er3+-Doped Boro-Tellurite Glasses as a New Candidate Material for Optical and Dosimetry Devices
K. BOONIN, S. KHONDARA, P. YASAKA, J. KAEWKHAO, Physics Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; and Center of Excellence in Glass Technology and Materials Science (CEGM), Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
This research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of Er3+ ion doped (30-x)TeO₂:20B₂O₃:20MgO:10Li₂O:10Al₂O₃:10La₂O₃:xEr₂O₃ (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mol%) glasses. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the amorphous nature of the prepared glasses. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed different structural groups in the glass network, while optical absorption spectra in the UV-Vis-NIR range displayed several characteristic peaks of Er3+ ions. Furthermore, thermoluminescence (TL) measurements performed at a heating rate of 10 °C/s demonstrated reliable results for low-dose radiation detection. The TL characteristics were evaluated by determining key parameters, including the peak temperature (Tₘ), low-temperature half-width (τ), high-temperature half-width (δ), total half-intensity width (ω), activation energy (E), and frequency factor (S). These findings confirm that the synthesized Er3+ doped boro-tellurite glasses exhibit favorable structural, optical, and thermoluminescence properties, indicating their potential as promising materials for dosimetry applications.
CM-2:L18 Sol-Gel and Hydrothermal Synthesis of Luminescent Cadmium Silicates
E.I.A.H.P. SANTOS, T.K. ISHIDA, A.O. ALVES, F.M. VICHI, Instituto de Química - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
Luminescent, single-phase, crystalline CdSiO3, was obtained at different conditions. The Cd counter-ion and the solvent direct phase formation due to differences in solubility and reactivity. In the sol-gel route, the use of Cd chloride for the CdSiO3 phase forms needle-like structures, whereas Cd nitrate results in amorphous aggregates. The use of CTAB (a surfactant) results in the encapsulation of CdSiO3 particles in amorphous silica, as confirmed by TEM and SEM analysis. The hydrothermal method also resulted in two distinct morphologies: needle-shaped agglomerates using CdNO3 and round-shaped particles with CdCl2 in acidic conditions. The undoped material, when excited at 240 nm, shows blue (400nm) and orange (600nm) emissions with pH-dependent relative intensities. Doped materials exhibit luminescence that depends on the doping ion: Mn(II) (600nm orange) Tb(III) (540 nm green), Pr(III) (610 nm red) and Eu(III) (614 nm red). Nevertheless, a contribution of the matrix emission is still perceived. Co-doping with Mn was also evaluated resulting in prolonged emission. Hydrothermal synthesis leads to similar results, but with higher crystallinity and more intense luminosity. Keywords: cadmium metasilicate; persistent luminescence; sol-gel synthesis; hydrothermal synthesis.
Session CM-3 Electro-optical magneto-optical and piezoelectric materials
CM-3:IL19 Recycled Rare-Earth Ions for Magneto-Optical and Luminescent Applications
M. NALIN, D.F. FRANCO, E.P.F. NETO, S.J.L. RIBEIRO, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
The global demand for rare earth elements has increased in recent years due to their use in advanced electronic devices, magnet production, and other cutting-edge applications. Furthermore, the growing global geopolitical tensions have led to an unprecedented rise in the price of raw materials. In this context, urban mining has emerged as an alternative to mitigate such problems by recovering rare earths from the so-called secondary sources. In this work, we present a methodology to recover rare earth elements from fluorescent lamps (Y, Ce, Tb, and Eu) and hard disks (Nd), as well as their use in the preparation of magneto-optical glasses and luminescent single crystals. Magneto-optical borogermanate glasses were prepared using the melt-quenching method by adding the recovered elements together with the raw materials. In addition, specific germanate glass compositions were used to obtain rare-earth-containing single crystals through the supersaturated method. This synthesis leads to the formation of glass-ceramics containing RE₃Ga₅O₁₂ garnet single crystals. These crystals can be separated from the parent glass by an acid leaching process. The recovered cubic crystals, ranging from 30 to 70 microns in size, exhibit outstanding luminescent properties.
CM-3:L20 Barium Titanate: The Next-generation Materials Platform for Optical Modulators
A.A. DEMKOV, The University of Texas at Austin and La Luce Cristallina, Inc.; A.B. POSADAS, La Luce Cristallina, Inc. Austin, Texas, USA
Integrated silicon photonics has enabled tremendous advances in optical communications, especially in transceivers for data centers. However, for next generation applications requiring electro-optic bandwidths exceeding 100 GHz, silicon-based optical modulators are beginning to run out of steam, particularly in power consumption. The Pockels effect is a strong candidate for use in ultra-low-power integrated photonics applications, as pure field-effect solution. The ferroelectric perovskite BaTiO3 (barium titanate or BTO) is an excellent candidate, as it displays an extremely large Pockels response even in thin-film form and can be readily integrated with silicon. I will describe our recent progress in modulators based on Si-integrated BTO.
Session CM-4 Laser materials
CM-4:IL21 Advances in Erbium doped Aluminium Oxide Waveguide Amplifiers: Pathways towards Higher Power and Packaged Integration
D.B. BONNEVILLE, 3+ Photonics Inc, Ottawa, ON, Canada & Luceda Photonics, Ghent, Belgium; C.E. OSORNIO-MARTINEZ, S.M. GARCIA BLANCO, Aluvia, Enschede, Netherlands
During the last few years Er3+:Al2O3 has achieved several breakthroughs in the context of amplification in the C-band. This includes scalable packaging, external gain comparable to fiber amplifiers, temperature stable gain, low noise figures, and monolithic integration with silicon photonic platforms. These breakthroughs will be highlighted and discussed, with a prospect to the future directions the platform can take. In particular using large mode area waveguide designs and enhanced pumping and spectroscopy investigations is expected to lead to higher power outputs into the Watt regime. Packaging the amplifiers and integrating them with other materials will also be discussed, in particular methods that manage parasitic lasing and optical pump integration. Finally, future advancements on the design and modelling of the amplifiers will be shared using commercial design software as well as fine tuning of the fabrication and packaging process for scalable production.
CM-4:IL22 Monolithically Integrated III-V Nanowire Lasers on Silicon
G. KOBLMÜLLER, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
In this talk, I present our recent progress on new generations of Si-integrated GaAs-based NW-lasers with their emission wavelengths tuned towards the telecom-band spectral range. Starting with numerical modelling we first provide the design guidelines for compact vertical-cavity NW-laser architectures coupled to Si waveguides with optimized coupling efficiency. In logical flow, we then demonstrate selective-area epitaxial (SAE) growth of two multi-quantum well (MQW) type NW-laser structures with low-threshold lasing emission at the telecom O-band (1.3 µm): (i) GaAs-InGaAs NW-lasers with strain-compensating InAlGaAs buffer layers, and (ii) GaAsSb-based NW-lasers that not only present the first true ternary NW-lasers at Si transparent wavelengths but which further allow for entirely defect-free InGaAs MQWs with high In-content. We also demonstrate optically pumped lasing from coaxially p-i-n doped GaAs(Sb)/InGaAs core-shell NW-laser diode structures, which exhibit low threshold and low sensitivity to variations in doping concentration. These promising results open next steps towards electrically driven NW-laser diodes operating at telecom bands.
CM-4:IL23 Recent Advances in Fluoride Glass Fiber Lasers from Visible to Mid-Infrared
M. BERNIER, COPL, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
Over the past two decades, silica-based fiber lasers have been widely used, but with emission limited to the near-infrared bands due to the high phonon energy and limited transparency of silica. Fluoride glass such as ZBLAN offer broad transmission from UV to mid-infrared and low phonon energy, enabling efficient radiative transitions that are not accessible in silica. Advances in materials, optimization of doping concentrations, and improvements in components based on this glass have led to steady increases in output power, extended wavelength ranges, and enabled operation from continuous waves to ultrafast regimes. Visible fluoride fiber sources have progressed from early milliwatt demonstrations to reliable multi-watt lasers, while mid-infrared systems continue to advance, now reaching tens of watts of output power and pulse energies in the order of several millijoules. Collectively, these advances highlight how fluoride glass fibers push the operational limits of fiber lasers well beyond those of silica, enabling a wide range of continuous wave, short-pulse, and ultrafast sources from the visible to the mid-infrared. This presentation will review recent advances in the development of fluoride glass fiber lasers and will highlight their main advantages and recent results.
CM-4:L24 Frontiers of Mid-IR Cr and Fe Doped Chalcogenide Ceramic Gain Materials and Lasers
S. MIROV, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
Enabling broad tunability, high peak and average power, ultrashort pulse duration, and all known modes of operation, Cr and Fe-doped II-VI chalcogenides are the materials of choice for direct lasing in the mid-IR. The host materials exhibit broad infrared transparency, high thermal conductivity, a low phonon cutoff, and low optical losses. Doped with Cr and Fe ions, these media exhibit a four-level energy structure, the absence of excited state absorption, as well as broad absorption and emission bands. Recent progress in the fabrication of Cr and Fe-doped II-VI thermo-diffusion-doped polycrystalline and hot-pressed ceramic gain media, as well as nano- and micro-crystalline laser active powders, powders in liquid suspension, polymer films, thin film waveguides, and chalcogenide glass composites, is reported. We will also summarize laser results on Cr and Fe-doped II-VI media, providing access to the 1.8-6 um spectral range with a high (>60%) efficiency, multi-Watt-level (140W) average output powers, tunability of > 1000 nm, short-pulse (<16 fs) multi-Watt oscillation, Terawatt-level CPAs, and multi-joule output energies in free-running and gain-switched regimes.
CM-4:L25 Development and Characterization of Yb-doped Phosphate Glass-ceramic
K. NASSER, S. BISWAS, L. PETIT, Photonics Laboratory, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
Glass-ceramics (GCs) is a two-phase system that comprises crystals controllably grown in a glass host by performing an appropriate heat treatment. Rare-earth (RE) doped GCs show some promise for device applications, offering the possibility of combining the attractive spectroscopic properties of the RE ion in the crystal environment with the ease and flexibility of processing a glass. In this work, glasses in the system (75-x)NaPO3-25CaF2-xNb2O5, where x=0, 5, 10 (in mol%), were prepared with 1 mol% of Yb2O3 using standard melting process. The heat treatment was performed to grow the CaF2 crystalline phase. It was found that the addition of Nb2O5 improves the glass chemical stability, increases its refractive index and density, and improves the thermal stability. The heat-treated glasses exhibit similar emission intensity and emission band at 1µm than the as-prepared glasses which suggests that the Yb3+ ions remain in the amorphous part of the heat-treated glass.
Session CM-5 Inorganic optical fibers
CM-5:IL26 Advances in Semiconductor Optical Fibers and Their Application in Wearables
LEI WEI, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
We present the development of semiconductor fibers, spanning from fundamental principles to in-fiber device demonstrations. Notably, the incorporation of semiconductor materials into fiber geometries offers an innovative approach to introduce optoelectronic functionalities into existing glass fiber technologies. We develop multi-material fibers composed of semiconductor materials such as silicon, germanium, and compound semiconductors, providing unique advantages in terms of material properties, geometries, and waveguiding characteristics. Finally, we discuss the prospects and applications of this new class of fibers, especially for wearable and flexible devices.
CM-5:IL27 Internal Thermal Management in Fiber Amplifiers and Lasers
J. BALLATO, B. MEEHAN, T.W. HAWKINS, P. DRAGIC, M. DIGONNET, Clemson University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Stanford University, USA
Heat generation in advanced fiber amplifiers and lasers lead to a myriad of practical issues ranging from excess frequency and intensity noise to transverse mode instability (TMI). Conventional routes to thermal management, such as liquid cooling, add to the system’s size, weight, and power-consumption, but are so far the only realistic option, despite their considerable impact on energy budgets. This talk will broadly review and discuss internal, i.e., all-optical and internal to the fiber, methods of thermal management while delving deeper into the underlying and enabling materials science. Specifically, topics will include reduced quantum defect fiber core compositions, anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling, and the numerous considerations that must be considered during the processing and fabrication of the fibers to permit the realization of these phenomena.
CM-5:IL28 Hybrid Glass Fiber and Its Optical Applications
GUOPING DONG, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
Combining the merits of the high efficient luminescence of nanocrystals and the excellent fiber-drawing ability of the glass matrix, transparent nanocrystal-doped glasses and fibers have been considered as potential candidates for various optical applications. Our group designed the glass system based on glass genetic engineering prediction, and controlled the formation of low phonon energy nanocrystals in the glass matrix through external field induction. The high performance nanocrystal-doped glass fibers were fabricated by novel fiber-drawing method. Importantly, enhanced visible and infrared laser output is realized in nanocrystal-doped glass fibers, strongly manifesting that the obtained hybrid glass fiber is a promising gain material for fiber lasers. Furthermore, our works also expanded the potential applications of nanocrystal-doped glass and fiber in fields of amplifier, sensor, detecting, etc.
Session CM-6 Advances in fabrication, characterization and applications
CM-6:IL30 Advances in Glass Composite Fabrication for (Bio)photonic Applications
L. PETIT, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
The concept of laser glasses relates to the doping of a glass with rare-earth (RE) ions. These materials have been developed since 1961. RE doped glasses are attractive materials for the engineering of photonic devices, due to their easy processing, good thermal stability, excellent optical properties and high rare-earth ions solubility. If the RE ions are located in crystalline phase of desired nature and structure, the spectroscopic properties of the glasses can be enhanced. Therefore, efforts have been focused on the development of new glass-ceramics obtained from the heat treatment of glasses. As the growth of crystals with specific crystalline phase cannot be controlled in glass, the other technique consists of adding RE doped crystals in the glass batch prior to or after the melting using the direct doping method. In this presentation, we will review our work on the development of new composites based on glasses with embedded crystals suitable for the fabrication of new optically active fibers. We will explain all the challenges related to the addition of crystals in glass matrix and we will also discuss the challenges related to drawing these glass-based materials into fiber.
CM-6:IL31 Freeform Fabrication of Fused Silica Optical Fiber Preforms and Fibers
M.H. FROSZ, A.-O. YAZICI, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany; D. ESSER, Fraunhofer Institut für Lasertechnik ILT, Aachen, Germany; F. KOTZ-HELMER, Glassomer GmbH, FMF – Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, and Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Germany
Microstructured optical fibers guide light with the help of carefully arranged air-holes along the fiber length. The geometry of the air-holes determines the optical properties of the fibers, such as their loss and modal shapes. Hollow-core fibers have emerged recently with record low losses, but their microstructures are still based on round glass capillaries, even though round structures are not necessarily optimal. Several modelling studies of non-circular structures show that non-circular structures could lead to further loss reduction, yet very few actual realizations of more advanced structures exist. We here explore two distinct technologies for making fiber preforms from transparent fused silica with non-round structures and of sufficient length for fiber drawing: 3D-printing using a photocurable silica nanocomposite, and inverse laser drilling for micromachining the desired geometry directly into a solid silica rod using nanosecond pulses. The preforms are drawn to hollow-core fibers having complex cladding geometries.
CM-6:IL32 Direct-laser-writing in Glass Chips and Optical Fibers
M. BELLEC, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INPHYNI, France
Direct-laser-writing (DLW) in glass is a powerful microfabrication technique that enables three-dimensional (3D) structuring and modification of transparent materials with submicrometer precision. It relies on tightly focused, ultrashort laser pulses to induce localized changes in the glass without affecting the surrounding material. Because glass is transparent at the laser wavelength, nonlinear absorption processes occur only at the focal volume, leading to highly confined energy deposition. Depending on the laser parameters (pulse duration, energy, repetition rate, and scanning speed), DLW can produce various types of material modifications, including refractive index changes, nanogratings or microexplosions. These controlled modifications allow for the fabrication of a wide range of functional structures embedded in glass (such as optical waveguides or microfluidic channels), thus advancing the development of integrated and multifunctional photonic devices. In the first part of the presentation, we will present recent advances on the design, fabrication and characterization of an innovative opto-fluidic sensor device integrated in glass, consisting of a dynamically controllable Mach-Zehnder interferometer equipped with micro-fluidic channels. The current performances, limitations and perspectives regarding biosensing in the mid IR range and quantum metrology applications will be discussed. Although the majority of research has concentrated on bulk glass, DLW can also be employed to inscribe small scale photonic components in optical fibers, the most frequently produced elements being fiber Bragg gratings. In the second part of the presentation, we will present two novel ultrashort laser-assisted fabrication processes of complex structures in optical fibers. First, the implementation of an innovative reel-to-reel DLW setup allowing the inscription, directly through the coating, of arbitrary long and low-loss waveguides in coreless silica fibers will be discussed. Then, we will concentrate on a newly engineered class of optical fibers whose cores embed dielectric nanoparticles thereby enhancing scattering characteristics that can be leveraged in laser and sensing applications. To achieve an unprecedented control over the scattering properties, we will show a novel approach using an ultrashort laser to locally heat the core of the fiber and thus modulate on purpose the characteristics of the nanoparticles. Overall, DLW enables, via the deep understanding of the laser-glass interaction mechanisms, to fabricate precise 3D structures in bulk glasses and optical fibers to create integrated photonic devices with controllable optical properties.
CM-6:IL33 WGM-based Biosensors: Principles, Challenges, and Perspectives
S. BERNESCHI, F. COSI, D. FARNESI, G. FRIGENTI, A. GIANNETTI, S. PELLI, G. C. RIGHINI, S. SORIA, S. TOMBELLI, C. TRONO, G. NUNZI CONTI, F. BALDINI, IFAC-CNR, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
In the broad scenario of optical biosensors, those based on whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities represent a powerful tool for the label-free detection of biomolecules at low-concentration levels thanks to the unique features supported by these optical devices, including a high-quality factor Q and unprecedented light-matter interaction. The purpose of this contribution is to provide an overview on WGM resonator principles, including cavity geometry, material selection and fabrication methods up to surface chemistry for their use in biosensing applications. Despite their promising performance, WGM-based biosensors still face some significant challenges: achieving reproducible fabrication and surface functionalization processes; guaranteeing excellent measurement reliability and repeatability; integrating with microfluidics and electronic systems and scaling for multiplexed or point-of-care applications. Strategies to overcome current limitations will be proposed, including hybrid opto-plasmonic structures, micro-lasers, and multiplexed detection. Finally, the integration of WGM-based biosensors with Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven data analysis will be considered as capable tools to revolutionize point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine.