IC-3 - 14th International Conference
Advanced Biomaterials and Nano-biotechnology for Medicine
ABSTRACTS
Session IC-3.A Advances in biomaterials: synthesis, processing, characterization, functionalization, finalization
IC-3.A:IL01 Mechanical Properties of SLA/FFF 3D Printed Ceramic nano-Micro Biomaterials for Morphogen Delivery and Tissue Regeneration
E. JABBARI, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
The size and distribution of pores affect the mechanical properties of the scaffolds as well as the extent of cell matrix deposition by mammalian cells in tissue regeneration. Conventional methods like casting and particulate leaching do not support the production of scaffolds with defined and interconnected pore structure. Conversely, rapid prototyping (RP) enable the engineering of tissue scaffolds with interconnected pores and reproducible mechanical strength. Among them, fused filament fabrication (FFF) and stereolithography (SLA) are specially attractive because because these methods do not require the use of organic solvents for injection or extrusion. We used FFF to create biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide fumarate) (PLGF) and hydroxyapatite with cubic orthogonal pore geometry using a sacrificial mold as the build material. Furthermore, we used SLA to create nanocomposite hydrogel scaffolds with defined micropores for morphogen delivery and encapsulation of stem cells for vascularized osteogenesis. The printed scaffolds were characterized by injection, curing, pore size and structure, mechanical properties, morphogen delivery, and viability of encapsulated cells. Results demonstrate that SLA/FFF scaffolds support homogeneous tissue formation.
IC-3.A:IL02 Calcium Phosphate Bone Graft Substitutes: From Lab Synthesis to Clinical Success
M.-P. GINEBRA, Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
More than four decades ago, calcium phosphates were introduced as synthetic bone grafts. Since then, bioceramics have become established tools in surgery, yet they still account for only a fraction of bone grafting procedures. Their performance remains suboptimal because we are still learning how to design materials that truly speak the language of biology. In this talk, I will discuss how biomimetic strategies can help bridge this gap. Instead of traditional high-temperature processing, we use low-temperature dissolution–precipitation reactions that mimic bone biomineralization, producing materials with composition, morphology, and crystallinity closer to biological apatite. This approach enables fine control of nanostructure, which we have shown can modulate the behavior of immune cells, osteoclasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and endothelial cells. Nano-needle architectures, in particular, foster osteoblast differentiation and osteoinduction, while controlled crystalline morphogenesis can yield bactericidal surfaces. Moreover, these mild processing routes are compatible with advanced manufacturing methods such as 3D printing and foam templating, opening new possibilities for designing high-performance, patient-specific bioceramics for bone regeneration.
IC-3.A:IL03 Resistance to Corrosive Degradation and Bio-Activation of Intermetallic Subjected to Extreme Processing Conditions
I. CVIJOVIĆ-ALAGIĆ, M. MOMČILOVIĆ, B. MATOVIĆ, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences – National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; G.D. BOKUCHAVA, Y. GORSHKOVA, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia; V. KOJIĆ, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; J. BAJAT, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Advanced techniques for processing and fabrication of the damage-resistant hard-tissue replacements are often conducted under extreme conditions. In the present research, the possibility of attaining a corrosion-resistant implant with improved surface bioactive potential was explored by additional processing of the Ti-Nb intermetallic biomaterial using severe plastic deformation and laser surface irradiation techniques. Application of extreme pressure during the torsional straining allowed significant microstructural refinement of the intermetallic implant material that led to the enhancement of its resistance to corrosive damage in the simulated physiological conditions, along with an increase in its biocompatible characteristics. On the other hand, selection of the high-temperature intermetallic that contains bio-inert elements in its composition as the hard-tissue replacement material allowed its additional modification through the laser surface scanning treatment that resulted in the formation of a developed and highly oxidized bioactive surface that boosted the live cells' attachment and proliferation during the in vitro testing, and in that way reduced the probability of hard-tissue replacement loosening and rejection upon its surgical implantation into the patient's body.
IC-3.A:IL04 Porous Biocomposites for Controlled Interactions with Environmental Components
D. FRAGOULI, Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
Polymeric composites offer the ability to combine the unique functional properties of organic or inorganic fillers with the thermomechanical performance and processability of polymer matrices. This synergy results in a wide range of hybrid materials with tailored properties, enabling the development of customized solutions for specific applications. Currently, polymer biocomposites—in which at least one component is of bio-based origin—are gaining increasing attention in research due to their biodegradability, renewable origin, and potential for reduced environmental impact. From this perspective, polymer biocomposites represent not only a promising area of fundamental research but also hold significant potential for industrial applications across various technological sectors. This work presents specific types of polymer biocomposites designed to interact effectively with environmental components, with applications in water decontamination, freshwater production, and food packaging. These examples demonstrate the crucial role of bio-based active components in enhancing the overall performance of the porous systems.
IC-3.A:IL05 TiO2-based Nanomaterials for Laser Desorption/Ionization (LDI) Mass Spectrometry and its Biomedical Applications
JAE-CHUL PYUN, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS) has been widely used for the analysis of biomolecules. However, the quantitative measurement of small molecules has been limited because of the fragmented organic matrix molecules in m/z range of <500 and “hot-spots” formation from inhomogeneous analyte crystals. Recently, inorganic materials begin to replace the conventional organic matrices and this method has been called laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). So far, many inorganic matrices have been effectively used for the quantitative analysis of small molecules, which are classified into (a) carbon-based and (b) semiconductor-based nanomaterials and (c) metal nanoparticles. In this work, several matrices for LDI-MS will be presented and their biomedical applications will be demonstrated.
IC-3.A:IL06 Monolithic DNApatite: An Elastic Apatite with Sub-Nanometer Scale Organo–Inorganic Structures
JUNG HEON LEE, Sungkyunkwan University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a well-known bioceramic with outstanding biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity, but its brittleness limits use. Here, we introduce DNApatite, the first elastic ceramic integrating inorganic HA and polymeric single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) at the sub-nanometer scale. DNApatite forms via self-crystallization of ssDNA without added phosphate ions, yielding a composition of DNA₁Ca₂.₂(PO₄)₁.₃OH₂.₁. The material exhibits a dual-phase nanostructure of crystalline HA and amorphous ssDNA organized into nanorods. This structure confers remarkable elasticity, toughness, and a Young’s modulus comparable to natural bone. Unlike conventional composites, DNApatite is a single-phase ceramic achieving true inorganic–organic synergy, making it a promising candidate for next-generation biomedical applications.
IC-3.A:L07b Turning Industrial Phosphogypsum Waste into Next-Generation Bioceramics for a Sustainable Future
E. JURSENE, A. PADARAUSKAS, I. GRIGORAVICIUTE, A. KAREIVA, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
Every year, millions of tons of phosphogypsum are discarded as industrial waste, posing environmental and social challenges on a global scale. Yet, this by-product, rich in calcium and phosphorus, holds the potential to become a cornerstone of sustainable innovation. In this work, we transform phosphogypsum into high-value calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) based composites, functionalized with antibacterial agents such as malachite green, to address pressing needs in healthcare. Advanced thermal, spectroscopic, microscopic, and chromatographic analyses revealed that synthesis conditions critically govern phase composition and performance. The resulting materials demonstrate promise for bone regeneration and infection control, illustrating how industrial residues can be upcycled into life-saving biomedical technologies. Beyond advancing material science, this research underscores the power of circular economy principles: what is waste today can become tomorrow’s solution for planetary sustainability and human well-being.
IC-3.A:IL08 Achieving Strong and Tough 3D-printed Ceramics: from Process Optimisation towards the Development of Specific Defect-tolerant Materials
J. CHEVALIER, H. REVERON, MATEIS, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5510, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
Additively manufactured ceramics, or 3D-printed ceramics, are emerging as credible alternatives to conventional ones, enabling complex designs and reduced material use. Yet, they often show lower mechanical reliability and issues of shape fidelity, as the technologies remain less mature and prone to process defects. After a brief overview of the main ceramic AM methods, we will focus on the most established ones, showing typical flaws and how process optimization can yield strengths comparable to conventional ceramics. We will also stress the need for robust, defect-tolerant materials. Zirconia-based ceramics, with their phase-transformation plasticity and high defect tolerance, are promising candidates. Combining process improvements with materials designed specifically for AM can ensure highly reliable printed ceramics.
IC-3.A:IL09 Theragenerative Biomaterial Nanoplatform for Cellular Modulation
M.G. RAUCCI, A. BIGHAM, A. MARIANO, L. AMBROSIO, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials – National Research Council, Naples, Italy
Black phosphorus (BP) has attracted considerable attention in recent years as a biodegradable and stimuli-responsive two-dimensional nanomaterial, owing to its emerging potential at the interface between disease therapy and tissue regeneration. The concept of therageneration refers to the integration of therapeutic and regenerative functions within a single platform, enabling simultaneous modulation of pathological microenvironments and activation of tissue repair mechanisms. While earlier studies have predominantly focused on the anticancer properties of BP, this work aims to demonstrate its theragenerative potential—its capacity to couple disease-modulating effects with the stimulation of regenerative pathways. The therapeutic performance of BP is strongly influenced by its structural configuration. Here, we developed and characterized a series of BP-based systems to evaluate their ability to regulate cellular behavior, including apoptosis induction in cancer cells, modulation of oxidative stress, and promotion of cell differentiation. These biological effects were investigated using BP in different nanostructural forms, ranging from 2D nanosheets to quantum dots, integrated into polymeric or hybrid bioglass nanoparticles, and applied as coatings for bioengineered scaffolds.
This study was supported by AFOSR (USA Air Force Office of Scientific Research) through the project ASTROTALK - Modulation of astrocytes as new paths to dialogue with the brain - Grant Agreement nr. FA9550-23-1-0736 and project ASTROSENSE - “Astrocytes neural network multiscale response to extracellular sensing cues "– Grant Agreement nr. nr. FA9550-25-1-0001
IC-3.A:L10 Feasibility and Limitations of the Replica Process for Bioglasses
S. FUNK1, E. KECK1, D. BRAUER2, T. FEY1, 1Institute of Glass and Ceramics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; 2Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
The replica process is a widely used production route to manufacture porous ceramics or glasses over a wide range of porosity, usually specified in PPI (pore per inch) for foams. The feasibility and limits of this process are demonstrated using and advanced replica technique to manufacture porous lattices of three different bioglasses: 45S5, 13-93 and P45K9. As template, a network of 29 Kelvin cells was 3D-printed utilizing commercially available polymer resin for VAT photopolymerization and coated 6-7 times with an ethanol-based slurry of the three glasses. All three glasses were melt-casted and crushed and milled to a particle size around 4 µm, enabling the fabrication of similar viscous slurries. Different amounts of coating layers and shrinkage lead to similar porosities in the sintered state. The heat treatment was adjusted to the species of the glass leading to different shrinkages which can be attributed to their different microstructures. The behavior of glass under temperature makes it unique within other materials giving rise to advantages but also leading to challenges, which can not always be overcome. This work highlights the chances of the replica process, but also discusses the limitations with its focus set on bioglasses.
IC-3.A:L11 Quantification of the Permeability and Major Microstructural Parameters of 3D-Printed Bioactive Glass and Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Applications
F. BAINO, R. GABRIELI, M. PIANOU, V. RIGANO, E. VERNÉ, Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; A. SCHIAVI, National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), Turin, Italy; M. SCHWENTENWEIN, Lithoz GmbH, Vienna, Austria; L. D’ANDREA, P. VENA, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (LaBS), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
Permeability of porous solids quantifies the ability of a given material to conduct fluid flow, and it inherently depends on a combination of open porosity, pore size, pore orientation, tortuosity and interconnectivity. This physical parameter dictates the mass transport properties of biomaterial scaffolds, which are tightly related to bone growth and regeneration. In this work, we determined the intrinsic permeability of different 3D-printed hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass scaffolds with foam-like or triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) geometry by using an acoustic method, and then used these experimental results to estimate some key microstructural parameters, like tortuosity and effective porosity, through appropriate modelling. The values of permeability assessed for all the types of scaffolds investigated were reliable and consistent, as demonstrated by a robust statistical analysis. This was also a proof of the repeatability of the fabrication process (vat photopolymerization). Overall, the tortuosity was within 1.1-1.5, and the effective porosity was equal to or moderately lower than the total porosity, demonstrating a good degree of pore interconnectivity. The permeability values were also comparable to the data from different types of human cancellous bone.
IC-3.A:L12 Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles@Carbon Dot Nanocomposites Using Madhuca Longifolia and Evaluation of Anti-bacterial and Anti-fungal Properties
D. KALYANI, G.S. SILVANU, Department of Zoology, University of Science and Technology, Adikavi Nannaya University, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
This study reports the green synthesis of CDs using Madhuca longifolia stem extract, marking the first use of this ethnomedicinal plant as a carbon source. These biogenic CDs, rich in functional moieties, were utilized as reducing and capping agents to fabricate iron nanoparticle nanocomposites (FeNP@CDs) without the need for additional surface passivators. UV-Vis analysis confirms the fabrication of FeNPs with surface plasmon resonance at 345nm. FTIR reveals the presence of hydroxyl, amine, and carboxyl groups in the CDs. FeNPs@CDs NCs showed minor vibrational signals due to the reduction. Structural analysis confirmed the presence of a pure phase with an average particle size of 4.56 nm. The Zeta potential confirms that the particle has a more neutral charge with high agglomeration at -10 mV. Antibacterial and antifungal assays demonstrated effective activity against multiple drug-resistant strains, characterized by low minimum inhibitory concentrations and modest zones of inhibition. This work demonstrates an eco-friendly, metal-free synthesis route for functional nanocomposites, advancing the potential of plant-derived CDs in nanobiotechnology. The approach aligns with green chemistry principles while offering a promising platform for next-generation antimicrobial materials.
IC-3.A:IL13 Marine Polysaccharides as Sustainable Biomaterials
M. DI STASI, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and Research Center “E. Piaggio” University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Polysaccharides are natural polymers widely recognized for their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to form hydrogels with tunable physicochemical properties. Their structural diversity allows finely tune mechanical behavior, porosity, and biological interactions, making them key materials in modern biofabrication. In this context, marine-derived polysaccharides are gaining attention as renewable and sustainable biomaterials. Polysaccharides from the ink of Sepia officinalis show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities with excellent biocompatibility. Marine cellulose, obtained from marine biomass, provides mechanical strength and shape fidelity, ensuring stability. Carrageenans from red algae display distinct mechanical behavior: iota-carrageenan promotes elasticity, while kappa-carrageenan adds rigidity, allowing control over scaffold architecture. Exopolysaccharides from Spirulina contribute cytoprotective and regenerative effects. When combined into hybrid hydrogels, these polymers form scaffolds that release bioactive molecules and replicate the elasticity and morphology of 3D in vitro tissue models. Overall, this approach highlights the potential of marine polysaccharides to develop sustainable scaffolds combining structural and therapeutic functionality.
IC-3.A:L14 Engineering Silicone Blends to Reinforce Bioactive Glass-ceramic Bone Scaffolds
B. NIKENDEY HOLUBOVÁ, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic; H. ELSAYED, E. BERNARDO, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Engineered silicone blends have recently emerged as promising feedstocks for fabricating porous silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) scaffolds with excellent biocompatibility and a composition closely resembling commercial bioactive glass-ceramics. However, such materials (containing free carbon or not) tend to be brittle, thus limited in load-bearing bone defect applications. Hence, the present study aims to improve the mechanical properties of biosilicate-like or bioglass-like SiOC glass-ceramics through tailored material design and advanced manufacturing. A straightforward emulsion blend of silicone with commercial photocurable acrylates, incorporating suitable fillers enables processing via masked stereolithography (MSLA). Since introducing nitrogen into the silicate network may enhance glass transition temperature, elastic modulus, and hardness, the MSLA printed samples with optimized polymer/filler processing (with/without silazanes) undergo ceramization in flowing nitrogen at around 1400 °C, promoting the formation of a silicon oxynitride system. We demonstrate that such silicone-based strategy can refine phase composition and significantly improve the overall performance of the resulting porous scaffolds aligning with current demands for site-specific bone implants.
IC-3.A:L15 On the Antibacterial Potential of Calcium Hydroxyapatite Composites
J. KARCIAUSKAITE, M. ELSHEIKH, I. GRIGORAVICIUTE, A. PADARAUSKAS, Z. STANKEVICIUTE, A. KAREIVA, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; M. MORTIMER, K. VALMSEN, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia; R. ŽALNĖRAVIČIUS, Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
Calcium hydroxyapatite (CHA, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) exhibits high biocompatibility, bioactivity, and similarity to bone mineral, making it attractive for bone and dental applications [1]. This study explores the potential of CHA composites with eugenol, isoeugenol, and propolis to enhance the antibacterial properties of CHA. The structural and morphological features of the synthesized CHA composites were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, while dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements were used to evaluate particle size and surface charge. Antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli was assessed using inhibition zone and spot tests. All synthesized composites demonstrated superior antibacterial effects. These results suggest that combining natural bioactives with CHA-based matrices provides a multifunctional platform for advanced orthopedic and dental implants, as well as tissue engineering scaffolds.
IC-3.A:L16 Innovative Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic 3D-PMED Biosensors for Glucose Detection in Human Sweat: A Comprehensive Review
H. JEBARI1,2,3, E. M. RESSAMI2, O. MOUNKACHI1,4, B. LAKSSIR2, H. GRIGUER3, 1Laboratory of Condensed Matter and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Unite de Recherche Labialisées CNRST, URL-CNRST-17, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco; 2Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, Digitalization & Microelectronics Smart Devices Laboratory, Rabat Design Center, Rabat, Morocco; 3Microwave Energy Sensing (MES), DICE, University of Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Benguerir, Morocco; 4College of Computing, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Hay Moulay Rachid Ben Guerir, Morocco
The growing emphasis on healthcare management, fitness and biomedicine has led to significant advances in the development of wearable electronic devices for energy collection and storage and biosensing, in particular for human sweat glucose monitoring (HSGM). These portable biosensors are non-invasive and easy to use, overcoming the limitations of traditional glucose meters, which are invasive and require frequent testing. The rising prevalence of diabetes, expected to reach 783 million people by 2045, underlines the need for effective self-monitoring solutions. Innovations such as screen-printed electrodes (SPE) based on the 3D-PMED device have further enhanced non-invasive monitoring capabilities, providing real-time physiological data. The hybrid biosensor combining enzymatic and non-enzymatic materials offers outstanding performance by improving conductivity and selectivity, facilitating continuous glucose monitoring in sweat. Overall, these technological advances offer promising prospects for the future. However, significant sensitivity requires excellent electrical properties to improve sensor sensitivity, and promising catalytic activity for β-D glucose selectivity.
IC-3.A:L17 Cu/Zn Co-Doped Hydroxyapatite with Multifunctional Properties: Improved Electrical Performance, Surface Behavior, and Biocompatibility
P. DOBBIDI, Electroceramics laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam, India
This study investigates Cu/Zn co-doping in hydroxyapatite (Ca10-x-yZnxCuy(PO4)6(OH)2; x = y = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2) to enhance structural, electrical, and biological properties for biomedical applications. The phase remains stable up to x = y = 0.6, while higher doping induces secondary phases and grain coarsening. The CZ6 sample (x = y = 0.6) exhibits uniform nanostructures (~32 nm), a polycrystalline morphology, and a preserved lattice structure, confirming successful doping. The dielectric constant improves from 9.84 to 14.06 at 1 MHz, with minimal loss (∼10⁻²). Doping enhances charge transport, reducing grain boundary resistance and increasing AC conductivity (10⁻⁷ to 10⁻⁶ S/cm). All compositions are bioactive and biocompatible, but CZ6 exhibits optimal protein adsorption (25.05 µg/mL) due to its high dielectric constant and favorable zeta potential (−30.54 mV). Higher doping reduces protein adsorption despite further dielectric enhancement. These results highlight the interplay of electrical properties and bioactivity, identifying x = y = 0.6 as ideal for bone tissue engineering, bioelectrets, and implants.
Session IC-3.B Regenerative engineering and translational medicine
IC-3.B:IL18 Graphene Materials in Muscle and Bone Regeneration
C.T. LAURENCIN, K.C.S.L The Cato T Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
Graphene and its derivatives are highly conductive, biocompatible and mechanically strong material and can be integrated within scaffolds and composites to enhance cell activity. In our patented works, we showed aligned graphene nanoparticle (GnP)-incorporated poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) electroconductive nanofiber matrix enhanced myotube formation through increased intracellular calcium signaling and suppressed adipogenesis. In a rat massive rotator cuff tear (MRCT) model, it significantly reduced muscle atrophy, fat accumulation, and fibrosis in muscles upto 32 weeks, demonstrating GnP matrices’ potential for clinical translation. Further, for bone regeneration, incorporation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in porous composite poly (L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microsphere matrices demonstrated that 5% rGO exhibited significantly higher compressive strength and stiffness during compressive testing, along with enhanced mineralization in simulated body fluid. Importantly, rGO significantly promoted osteo-differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs). Recently, we also showed that Calcium Phosphate graphene (CapG)-PLGA matrices enhanced osteoinductivity and increased osteogenic gene expression in vitro, indicating its potential for bone regenerative engineering.
IC-3.B:IL19 3D Printing and Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering
MIN WANG, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Tissue engineering (TE) can solve difficult problems in human tissue loss. Using scaffold-, growth factor- or cell-based TE, human skin, bone, cartilage, etc. have been regenerated. Since the emergence of TE, scaffold-based TE has dominated the field. A TE scaffold provides a conducive microenvironment for seeded cells and a structural framework for new tissue formation in the body. Additive manufacturing (AM, i.e., “3D printing”) has distinctive advantages for fabricating TE scaffold, such as control of pore shape, pore size, porosity, etc. Furthermore, it can produce multilayered scaffolds with different layer characteristics. The powerful AM platform has already created some unique, complex scaffolds for regenerating complex tissues such as osteochondral tissue. Bioprinting was started in 1988 and has also been increasingly used in recent years in the TE field. But it faces many challenges as it uses live cells to construct living structures. This invited talk will give a brief overview of 3D printing and bioprinting in tissue engineering and introduce our work on employing different 3D printing technologies and bioprinting to create advanced scaffolds and cell-laden structures for regenerating tissues such as blood vessels, bone, osteochondral tissue, uterine tissue and liver.
IC-3.B:IL20 RGD Functionalized Porous Poly(L-lactic acid) Scaffolds for the Study of T-cell - Cancerous Exosomes Interactions under Flow Perfusion
V. SIKAVITSAS, D. KARAMI, School of Sustainable Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering The University of Oklahoma Norman, OK, USA
Exosomes from cancer cells are implicated in cancer progression and metastasis, carrying immunosuppressive factors that limit the antitumor abilities of immune cells. The development of a real-time, 3D cell/scaffold construct flow perfusion system has been explored as a novel tool for studying T-cells and exosomes from cancer cells. Exosomes from human lung cancer cells were co-cultured in a unidirectional flow bioreactor with CD8+ human T-cells immobilized onto 3D-printed RGD-functionalized poly(L-lactic) acid (PLLA) scaffolds. The surface functionalization of the PLLA porous scaffolds was accomplished over a wide range of surface densities, allowing for the attachment of T-cells. RGD surface density and media flow rate have been investigated, and conditions that maintain T-cell phenotype and prevent cell detachment have been identified. Exosomes from lung cancer cell lines were introduced into the flow perfusion system at different concentrations and allowed to circulate in the flowing system, passing through the T-cell/scaffold constructs. Activated T-cells demonstrated partial to complete deactivation in a dose-dependent manner with the levels of exosomes present in the media. Our bioreactor and RGD-PLLA scaffold show great promise as a biological tool in cancer research.
IC-3.B:L21 Architectured Biomaterials for Age-related Bone Degeneration and Regenerative Therapies
H. ZREIQAT, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
The growing clinical need for synthetics that specifically enhance the repair of critical large bone defects and aged bone matched by the escalating demand for grafts, is driven largely by an ageing population whose natural regenerative responses are impaired. This presentation will describe the following: 1) Our strategies in developing a platform of patented engineered nanostructured, 3D-printed biomaterials for cell-free personalised treatment to promoting bone healing in load bearing challenging situations. 2) Our unique fabrication strategies that will enable customisation of the implant’s shape, size, structure and architecture to meet patient-specific requirements Identification of the composition of bioceramics that achieves antibacterial effects. 3) Our technologies open avenues for skeletal and soft tissue regeneration in various clinical applications.
IC-3.B:L22 Novel Approaches to Manage Osteoarthritic Pain
L.S. NAIR, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health; The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut; Skeletal Biology and Regeneration Program, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Connecticut, USA
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that affects various joints and is one of the major cause of disability world wide. Pain is considered the most common disabling symptom of osteoarthritis (OA). First line clinical management of osteoarthritic (OA) pain involves the use of oral pills (NSAIDs, gabapentinoids). As the OA pain becomes more severe and affects the quality of life of patients, more invasive measures such as intraarticular injections of corticosteroids injections and visco-supplementation such as hyaluronic acid injection are recommended. As the prevalence of OA is steadily increasing, there is an urgent need to explore novel therapeutic strategies as well as minimally invasive approaches to manage osteoarthritic pain. The overall goal of our studies is to develop safe and non-addictive approaches to manage OA pain. Our studies on developing novel approaches with local anesthetics and analgesic pain modulators will be discussed.
Research reported in this presentation was supported by National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (AR075143).
IC-3.B:L23 Phosphate Functionalized Graphene Oxide for Bone Regenerative Engineering
F.S. HOSSEINI1,6, K.W.-H. LO1,2,4, C.T. LAURENCIN1,2,3,4,5, 1The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA; 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; 3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA; 4Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; 5Department of Chemical & Bimolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; 6Department of Skeletal Biology and Regeneration, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
Graphene oxide (GO), a highly oxidized form of graphene enriched with different functional groups like hydroxyl and epoxid, exhibits several desirable properties for biomedical applications. A novel derivative of GO, calcium phosphate graphene (CaPG), incorporates covalently tethered polyphosphates on its backbone and has demonstrated the ability to release inducerons, such as Ca²⁺ and PO₄³⁻, as an alternative to traditional growth factors to promote stem cell differentiation in vivo. PLGA/CaPG microspheres (1–5 wt%) were fabricated via emulsion/solvent evaporation technique, showing smooth morphology, improved hydrophilicity, and biocompatibility. Alizarin Red S and alkaline phosphatase assays confirmed enhanced mineralization in CaPG-containing matrices. Mechanistically, the CaPG-integrated PLGA matrices activated the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, as demonstrated by increased gene expression and target protein upregulation of BMP-2 and WISP-1 measured by ELISA. These results indicate that CaPG promotes selective, pathway-specific osteoinduction through Ca²⁺/PO₄³⁻-mediated signaling. In conclusion, incorporating CaPG into PLGA significantly improved mechanical, physicochemical, and biological performance, highlighting its potential for bone regenerative engineering.
Session IC-3.C New therapeutics and intelligent drug/biomolecule/gene delivery systems
IC-3.C:IL24 Supramolecular Self-Assembled Smart Carrier Systems for Drug and Gene Delivery
JUN LI, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
Supramolecular host-guest chemistry based on cyclodextrins has provided a convenient and powerful approach for constructing complex nanostructures from tunable molecular building blocks. Over the past two decades, our research group has focused on creating novel self-assembled polymeric micro- and nanostructures using both biobased and synthetic polymer blocks, which are further engineered to form various smart materials including hydrogels, micelles, nanovesicles, and surface coatings, for nanomedicine applications. For example, to design multifunctional carrier systems that enhance delivery efficiency in drug and gene delivery, we leveraged the host-guest chemistry of cyclodextrins to create adaptable carrier systems. We developed nanostructures combining a β-cyclodextrin-based cationic host polymer with a range of guest polymers of varying shapes and ligand densities. The host polymer encapsulates siRNA, ensuring controlled loading and release, while the guest polymers enhance biocompatibility by preventing nonspecific cellular uptake and improving circulation time. This streamlined assembly process generates siRNA delivery vehicles with precisely controlled architectures, enabling rapid optimization for targeted delivery in vitro and in vivo.
IC-3.C:IL25 Cell-derived Nanoparticles as Nano-vaccines Platform
S. MUZZIOLI, E. SCARPA, L. RIZZELLO, University of Milan, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Milan, Italy
Biomimetic nanotechnologies that reproduce immune cell functions offer promising new strategies for targeted vaccine and immunotherapy design. Here, we introduce nano-ghosts, cell-derived nanoparticles generated from primary human macrophages engineered to express HLA class I molecules (HLA-A, -B, -C). These macrophage-derived vesicles preserve the correct membrane topology and functional integrity of immune receptors, creating a cell-free platform capable of antigen-specific immune modulation. As a proof of concept, we loaded HLA-A, -B, -C molecules on the nano-ghost surface with cytomegalovirus (CMV)-derived peptide antigens to assess their ability to engage CD8⁺ T cells. These findings validate the potential of HLA-bearing nano-ghosts as biomimetic antigen-presenting nanovesicles capable of eliciting targeted cytotoxic immune responses. Overall, this work establishes a versatile, cell-free platform for personalised vaccine development and adoptive immunotherapy, leveraging the natural machinery of immune signalling within a stable nanoscale framework.
Session IC-3.D Bio-imaging and theranostics
IC-3.D:IL27 Harnessing Membrane Contact Sites: Advancing Cellular Communication Pathways for Next-Generation Nanomaterial Therapeutics
D. GUARNIERI, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
The study of nano-biointeractions, a leading field in interdisciplinary research, explores the complex interplay between nanomaterials (NMs) and intracellular organelles—key hubs regulating fundamental cellular activities. Through dynamic membrane contacts, organelles coordinate lipid exchange, calcium signaling, and metabolism. Our recent evidence has suggested that NMs may influence cellular homeostasis by modulating organelle membrane contact sites (MCSs). This work aims to elucidate the synergy between functional NMs and organelle contact site biology, highlighting their critical role in deepening our understanding of cellular mechanisms and inspiring novel therapeutic strategies. As a core aspect of nano-biointeractions, this topic could identify new molecular targets for NMs and transform biomedical approaches.
IC-3.D:IL28 Supramolecular Colloidal Nanoparticles for Tumor-Targeted Imaging and Therapy
YUTING WEN, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
Supramolecular colloidal nanoparticles based on cyclodextrin (CD) offer a modular, biocompatible strategy for tumor-targeted imaging and therapy. We developed a family of CD-based nanosystems that utilize host-guest interactions to load near-infrared (NIR) dyes and therapeutic agents with enhanced colloidal stability, targeting, and multimodal functionality. For tumor-targeted imaging, in one system, folate-modified poly-β-CD (PCD-FA) encapsulated indocyanine green (ICG), improving aqueous stability and tumor specificity for NIR endoscopic imaging in 2D and 3D HeLa models. For nasopharyngeal carcinoma detection, we constructed ICG@PCD/Adamantyl-polyethylene glycol-GE11 nanoparticles integrating EGFR-targeting peptides and stealth PEG layers, achieving >5-fold signal contrast in patient tissues within 12 minutes. To enable therapy, a CD-crosslinked nanogel was developed to achieve photothermal ablation, while β-CD/polyethyleneimine nanogels co-delivering ICG and anti-PD-L1 enhanced damage-associated molecular pattern (DMAP)-mediated immune responses in CT-26 cells. These supramolecular colloidal platforms demonstrate flexible integration of imaging, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy.
IC-3.D:IL29 Cells and Cellularity – A Case for the New BioMechatronics
P.A. LÖTHMAN, European University of applied Sciences Hamburg (Euro-FH), Hamburg, Germany; and University of Bayreuth, Chair for Additive Processes for Tissue Reconstruction (Organ Printing), Organ on Chip Research group, Bayreuth, Germany
The rapid evolution of BioMechatronics has brought about a new vision of integration between biological life and engineered systems. While early classical Biomechatronics focused on mechanical augmentation—prosthetics, exoskeletons, and sensory interfaces—the novel emerging field of BioMechatronics is shifting toward systems that exhibit life-like properties: adaptation, growth, and repair. To understand this transformation, we must look to the cell and cellularity—the smallest unit of life—as the archetype of complexity, resilience, and organization. BioMechatronics integrates both biomedicine and the micro- and nanoscale and remains traditionally concerned with integrating biological and electromechanical systems—is entering a new phase grounded in the concept of cellularity. This contribution argues that the next generation of BioMechatronics should be inspired not only by biological mechanisms but also by the organizational principles of cells: autonomy, adaptability, communication, and self-repair. By examining the cell as a BioMechatronic system in ist own right and ist fundamental model of functional integration, we outline how cellular principles can guide the creation of distributed, adaptive, and resilient technologies. We review developments in synthetic biology, micro-robotics, and soft systems, proposing a framework for cellular BioMechatronics—a paradigm where technological units emulate both singel and multicellular biological concepts in structure, function, and cooperation. This synthesis could enable new forms of living machines, reconfigurable prosthetics, and regenerative technologies that blur the boundary between organism and machine.The concept of cellularity—the organization of life into autonomous yet cooperative units—offers a powerful lens for designing the next generation of bio-integrated technologies. Her we present a new BioMechatronics founded on the principles of cellularity.
IC-3.D:L30 Optical Nanoparticle-Assembled Silica Nanostructures for Theranostic Applications
BONG-HYUN JUN, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
The integration of optical nanoparticles onto silica nanostructures has emerged as a promising strategy for developing multifunctional platforms that enable both diagnosis and therapy. The unique optical and surface properties of these hybrid materials allow for the sensitive detection of biomolecules through surface-enhanced plasmonic and fluorescent mechanisms. In our recent studies, silica-templated Au and Ag nanoshells, as well as silica-embedded quantum dot nanostructures, have been engineered to achieve multiplexed and label-free biosensing. Furthermore, their optical tunability enables imaging-guided therapeutic monitoring, providing the foundation for advanced theranostic systems. This presentation will highlight our recent progress in designing optical nanoparticle-assembled silica architectures and discuss their potential for high-sensitivity diagnostics and real-time therapeutic tracking.
Session IC-3.E Clinical translations
IC-3.E:IL31 30,000 Nano Implants in Humans with No Failure
T.J. WEBSTER, Division of Pre-College and Undergraduate Studies Brown University, Providence, RI USA; School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin, China; and School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
Nanomedicine is the use of nanomaterials to improve disease prevention, detection, and treatment which has resulted in hundreds of FDA approved medical products. While nanomedicine has been around for several decades, new technological advances are pushing its boundaries. For example, this presentation will present an over 25 year journey of commercializing nano orthopedic implants now in over 30,000 patients to date showing no signs of failure. Current orthopedic implants face a failure rate of 5 – 10% and sometimes as high as 60% for bone cancer patients. Further, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized numerous industries to date. However, its use in nanomedicine has remained few and far between. One area that AI has significantly improved nanomedicine is through implantable sensors and neurological applications. This talk will present research in which implantable sensors, using AI, can learn from patient’s response to implants and predict future outcomes. Such implantable sensors not only incorporate AI, but also communicate to a handheld device, and can reverse AI predicted adverse events. Examples will be given in which AI implantable sensors have been used in neurology to inhibit implant infection and promote prolonged neural function. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies as well as human clinical trials/ will be emphasized.
IC-3.E:IL33 Translating Biomedical Lab Research Into Commercial Bioceramic Devices
H. ENGQVIST, Uppsala University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala, Sweden
The translation of bioceramic research from laboratory-scale studies to clinically relevant medical devices requires a deep integration of materials science with industrial and regulatory perspectives. This work summarizes experiences from developing bioactive and degradable calcium phosphate–based ceramics for dental and orthopedic applications. By combining fundamental understanding of synthesis, sintering, and surface modification with pre-clinical evaluation and quality-controlled manufacturing, laboratory concepts can be transformed into reproducible, scalable materials. Early consideration of regulatory requirements and process validation has proven critical for maintaining material purity and functionality during scale-up. Case examples demonstrate how bioactive ceramics showing hydroxyapatite formation in vitro can be adapted for controlled degradation and mechanical stability suitable for device fabrication. The results highlight the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between academia, clinicians, and industry to ensure that scientific progress in bioceramics leads to clinically impactful and commercially viable solutions.