16th International Ceramics Congress
Poster Presentations

ABSTRACTS

C:P01  Effect of Calcination Temperature on Characterization of Natural Hydroxyapatite Prepared from Bovine Bones
A. AZZI, A. GRAIRIA, A. MEBREK, H. REZZEG, Research Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI, Cheraga, Algiers, Algeria

This paper describes a study of the preparation and characterization of hydroxyapatite from bovine bone, calcined for 3 hours at different temperatures (700, 850, 950 and 1100 °C) with a particle size of 125 µm. The characterization of the obtained hydroxyapatite and the structural changes related to the calcination temperature were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The diffraction results show that the calcination temperature strongly influences the crystallite size, it is concluded that the crystallite size increases with increasing temperature.

C:P02  The High-pressure Sintered TiAl-Ti2B Composites
V. MAKSIMOVIĆ¹, V. URBANOVICH², J. MALETAŠKIĆ¹, V. PAVKOV¹, I. CVIJOVIĆ-ALAGIĆ¹, ¹Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; ²SSPA “Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus”, Minsk, Belarus

The TiAl intermetallic alloy, as a lightweight high-temperature material, has been widely applied in the industry. It possesses low density, high elastic modulus, and promising mechanical and physical properties at elevated temperatures. On the other hand, the TiB2, with its extremely high-temperature hardness, excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, wear resistance, and chemical stability with the TiAl alloy, is a highly promising reinforcement. In this study, we will report a successful synthesis procedure, along with the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of the TiB2-reinforced TiAl-matrix composites (TiAl-TiB2 composites). The TiAl-TiB2 composites were successfully prepared by applying the high-pressure-high-temperature (HP-HT) method using a Bridgman-type toroidal apparatus. The microstructural, structural, and mechanical characterization of the sintered composites was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and microhardness (HV0.3). The structural analysis of the obtained composite materials revealed the presence of phases in different ratios depending on the composite sintering temperature. The composites' microhardness also depends on the sintering temperatures.

C:P03  Data-Driven AI Platform for Standardized Ceramic Materials
HANEUL KIM, HYUNSEOK KO, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology (KICET), Jinju, Republic of Korea

Data-driven approaches have emerged as a key technology for accelerating materials design and enabling cost-effective discovery of new materials. However, the domestic materials industry faces challenges such as insufficient data standardization, lack of interoperability, and limited data infrastructure. In this study, a data-driven platform for ceramic materials was developed to enable integrated data management and AI-based analysis and design support. Three representative applications—solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC), and ceramic fiber-reinforced composites—were selected. Using the Miniature Data Factory (MDF), standardized experimental and computational data were systematically collected, and a total of 9,871 datasets were integrated into a unified database. Based on this infrastructure, AI models for property prediction and process parameter recommendation were developed. The platform supports efficient materials development through simulation-integrated digital environments and is expected to accelerate digital transformation in the ceramic industry.

C:P04  Development of Short Fiber Reinforced C-SiC using Recycled Industrial Carbon Fiber
D. DORN, R. GOLLER, Technical University of Applied Sciences Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; D. KOCH, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany

Short carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide Ceramic Matrix Composites (SF-C/SiC) produced via liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) are established materials for high-temperature friction applications due to their thermal stability and damage tolerance. While the effect of reinforcement length, direction and coating of virgin short carbon fibers (vCF) have been explores, the use of recycled short carbon fibers (rCF) in LSI-processed C-SiC has not yet been systematically addressed.
In this study, the use of industrial rCF as reinforcement on microstructure, phase composition and mechanical behavior is investigated directly compared to industrial vCF. Specimens were produced using mixing, hot pressing, pyrolysis, LSI and final machining. Phase analysis revealed a slightly higher residual silicon content and increased bulk density of the rCF material, indicating increased preform permeability and infiltration.
Slightly lower flexural strength, and higher Young’s modulus indicate more brittle failure of rCF and was confirmed by fractographic analysis. Here vCF exhibited more pronounced fiber pull-out and crack bridging, whereas rCF-based materials showed increased fiber fracture.

C:P05  Everglass Database: Development of a Python-Based Tool for Visualization of Glass Properties and Modelling Applications
G. GORNI, M.J. PASCUAL, Ceramics and Glass Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; A. EISENTRÄGER, J. KUHNERT, Fraunhofer ITWM, Kaiserslautern, Germany; R. COMESAÑA, J. POU, LaserON, CINTECX, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain

This paper presents the development of a simple, friendly and easy to use Python-based software tool, named EVERGLASS DATABASE, designed to facilitate the visualization and management of experimental data in the field of glass science. The program features an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) built with Tkinter that allows users to import CSV files containing chemical composition, viscosity data, physical properties, and general thermal data of different glasses. The tool integrates plotting routines based on Matplotlib to generate interactive viscosity curves using the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) equation and data tables with export capabilities. Developed within the framework of the EU-funded EVERGLASS project, this database offers an open-source resource designed to enhance accessibility and usability for researchers and students in glass science. In particular, it provides detailed information on several commercial glasses, with potential applications in laser-morphing for glass recycling. Furthermore, the database integrates valuable glass data useful for simulations using the MESHFREE-based thermal-fluid GFDM-CFD model applied to laser processing of glass.
EU Pathfinder project EVERGLASS No 101129967.

C:P06 Eco-Friendly Ceramic 3D Printing via Selective Reaction Hardening of Alginic Acid–Based Low-Polymer Slurries
JEONGHONG HA, JUNGSUB KIM, JONG WAN KO, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ulsan, South Korea

With the rapid progress of 3D printing, metal and polymer-based technologies are shifting from prototyping to manufacturing. However, photopolymer-based ceramic 3D printing (SLA, DLP) still faces critical issues due to the high polymer content in slurries, often causing pores, voids, or collapse during debinding and sintering. This study presents a novel ceramic 3D printing material–process–device system that eliminates photocurable polymers. A low-polymer (~1 wt%) ceramic slurry was formulated using naturally derived alginic acid, and an additive manufacturing process and dedicated printing system were developed. The research focused on transition metal oxides (Al₂O₃, ZnO, CeO₂, MnO₂) applicable in catalysts, high-temperature materials, and electronics. Unlike conventional slurries (>30 wt% synthetic polymers), the proposed slurry employs ~1 wt% alginic acid. 3D structures are built via a Selective Reaction Hardening (SRH) process, where crosslinking between alginic acid’s carboxyl groups and multivalent metal ions (Al³⁺, Zn²⁺, Ce³⁺, Mn²⁺) induces hydrogel formation. During sintering, these ions convert to the corresponding oxides, strengthening interparticle bonding and producing dense ceramics. This method enhances dimensional stability and enables high ceramic solid loading.

C:P07  3D Printing by PBF-LB/M to Obtain a Biodegradable Mg based Multi Material
D. RADUCANU¹, V.D. COJOCARU¹, R.E. HENDEA², A. NOCIVIN³, D. STANCIU², M.E. COJOCARU¹, N. ZARNESCU¹, ¹POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; ²ZIRCON DENT SRL, Cluj Napoca, Romania; ³OVIDIUS University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania

Scientific Objective Biodegradable Magnesium-based materials, with characteristics like those of human bone are of great scientific interest. A performant macro/micro-scale geometry and microstructure can be achieved using Additive Manufacturing (AM). The scientific objective is the AM processing of a Mg-10Zn-0.5Zr-0.8Ca powder-feed stock. Materials and methods AM is a powder bed fusion (PBF) process, with a variant: Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) which includes Selective Laser Melting (SLM). The feed stock was obtained by Mechanical Alloying of a mixture of elemental powders: Mg (< 100 μm), Zn (<40-50 μm), Zr (< 40-50 μm) all 99.00 % purity and Ca granules with a high-energy PM 100 Retsch planetary mill. MYSINT 100- 3D SLM with laser energy density/160-560 J/mm3 was used. The final material was microstructurally characterized (XRD, SEM) and mechanically. Results and conclusions Samples with a dense morphology, a suitable porosity without balling effect were obtained. The SLM-ed material has a Young’s modulus of 42 GPa, close to the cortical bone one of 30 GPa.
This work was supported by a grant of the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CCCDI - UEFISCDI, project number PN-IV-P7-7.1-PTE-2024-0557, contract no. 4PTE / 08.01.2025, within PNCDI IV.

C:P08  Binder-jetted Porous Al2O3 Scaffolds with Selective Metal Infiltration for Functionally Graded Metal-Ceramic Composites
KYUNG IL KIM, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, South Korea

We report a hybrid additive manufacturing route in which binder jetting (BJ) is used to build porous Al₂O₃ scaffolds, followed by selective metal infiltration to realize functionally graded, interpenetrating metal–ceramic composites. Porosity and pore-size gradients are encoded during BJ by tuning powder size distribution, layer thickness, and binder saturation; subsequent debinding and presintering stabilize open-pore networks. A low-melting metal is then infiltrated under vacuum/inert atmosphere to form continuous metallic pathways without compromising the ceramic skeleton. Spatial selectivity (region-specific fill fraction/depth) is achieved via simple masking and print-coded porosity, enabling single parts to integrate electrically insulating, high-temperature Al₂O₃ domains with high-conductivity, toughening metal domains. A characterization-driven loop—µ-CT (pore topology, tortuosity, metal connectivity) and SEM/EDS (interface/wetting)—maps BJ parameters and presintering/infiltration conditions to metal fill and effective thermal/electrical transport alongside basic mechanical robustness. The results establish BJ-derived Al₂O₃ as a practical matrix for selectively metal-infiltrated, functionally graded components relevant to heat spreading, low-contact-resistance interfaces.

C:P09  Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Slot-Die Coating Stability and Substrate Wettability for Slurry-Based Ceramic Additive Manufacturing
JEONGHONG HA, 3D Printing Manufacturing Process Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ulsan, Republic of Korea

Slurry-based ceramic additive manufacturing (AM) enables dense, complex parts through sequential deposition of high-solid-content slurries. Yet the viscoelasticity of viscous slurries and differences in substrate wettability hinder uniform, defect-free coatings. This study examined the slot-die coating window for a 50 wt% alumina slurry by varying speed (0.7–2.8 mm s⁻¹), flow rate (0.6–0.8 mL min⁻¹), and gap (200–400 µm). Volume-of-fluid (VOF) simulations agreed well with experiments. Three regimes—overflow, stable, and unstable—were observed. On glass (contact angle, CA = 66.7°), the widest stable window appeared at a 200 µm gap, producing uniform films without air entrainment. On dried alumina (CA = 137°), reduced wettability narrowed stability, causing air entrapment and non-uniform thickness. Simulations showed narrower gaps suppressed meniscus motion and raised the critical capillary number, delaying wetting failure, while excessive shear (>4.4 kPa) risked particle agglomeration. The results clarify how wettability, gap, speed, and flow interact in multilayer ceramic AM and offer guidelines for stable coatings, extendable to higher solids and varied substrates.

C:P10  Pellet-based FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) Fabrication of Alumina Components for Metallurgical Applications – The Influence of Feedstock Compositions
XIAN WU¹, F. BULLING², C.G. ANEZIRIS¹, ¹TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany; ²fem Forschungsinstitut, Germany

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a commonly used additive manufacturing (AM) process for the fabrication of ceramic materials. In order to avoid the breaking risk of long ceramic-polymer composite filaments during handling, we used pellets (1-3 mm) instead of filaments as the feedstock. Furthermore, the debinding process ran solely thermally, thus avoiding the usage of organic solvents. The pellets were made from a combination of alumina powder and a binder system. The latter was based on a four-component system, consisting of a thermoplastic polymer , two biopolymers and a lubricating agent. Three kinds of alumina were tested: sintered tabular alumina, fused alumina and calcined alumina. The results showed that the fused alumina could damage the kneading and extrusion machine during pellet preparation because of the sharp edges of the ceramic grains. Both lignin and tannin were suitable for the pellet fabrication, 3D printing, debinding and sintering. Replacement of stearic acid against magnesium stearate allowed the fabrication of pellets, but significantly deteriorated the debinding behaviour of the green bodies.

C:P11  Joule Heating-assisted Joining of Additively Manufactured Ceramics
F.C. NUNES¹, P.A. LANÇONI¹, H.E. ARAÚJO^1,2, J.V. CAMPOS³, J.K.M.B. DAGUANO⁴, E.M.J.A. PALLONE¹, ¹University of São Paulo (USP/FZEA), Pirassununga, Brazil; ²Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo (IFSP), Hortolândia, Brazil. ³Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil; ⁴CTI Renato Archer, Campinas, Brazil

The assembly of multi-part structures has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome processing limitations in ceramic manufacturing, particularly for large or geometrically complex structures that are prone to cracking and distortion during sintering. In this context, this study investigates the feasibility of flash joining zirconia parts fabricated by fused filament fabrication (FFF). The main objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of Joule heating as a rapid joining approach for additively manufactured ceramics. Dense zirconia specimens were subjected to an applied electric field and controlled current density for a short duration within a preheated furnace, promoting localized heating at the interface. The joining process resulted in effective bonding between the components, with limited dimensional distortion and no evidence of macroscopic defects. Microstructural characterization revealed a homogeneous joint region with refined grain structure, while phase analysis confirmed the retention of the tetragonal zirconia phase after processing. These findings demonstrate that Joule heating-assisted joining is a viable and efficient route for assembling complex ceramic structures, offering potential advantages in processing time and structural integrity.
This study was financed by the grants 22/05031–0 and 22/10604–0, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. Additionally, the authors acknowledge FEALQ for their support and technical assistance.

C:P12  Joining Alumina to the Inconel®625 alloy by Hot Pressing (HP)
B. CONTRI, S. VALETTE, P. LEFORT, IRCER (European Ceramics Center), UMR CNRS 7315, University of Limoges, Limoges, France

When joining ceramic to metals small differences in CTE (a. 2 x 10-7 K-1) make the joints brittle. Now, HP makes it possible bonding pairs of materials that would otherwise be unlikely. Thus, attempts were made to assemble Al2O3 and Inconel® (CTE: 8 x 10-6 K-1 and 12.8 x 10-6 K-1 respectively). This was interesting, as Al2O3 and Inconel® are not too expensive and have numerous applications. First, it was verified that direct bonding between Al2O3 and Inconel®625 was not possible. Next, the use of HP was tested at 900 °C under 60 MPa for 3 h, with different surface polishing qualities. The only bond obtained, which was of poor quality, when the surfaces were mirror polished, was only due to physical bonds. Then, with a pre-oxidation of Inconel®625 in CO₂ (forming a thin layer of Cr₂O₃ on the alloy) a multilayer alumina/chromite/Inconel was obtained. The influence of HP treatment at 60 MPa, between 900 °C and 1200 °C, showed promising bonding at 1150 °C and 1200 °C. At the interface, the bond was purely mechanical due to the penetration of Inconel®625 into the alumina. No interdiffusion was observed, proving that the desired diffusion bonding had not been achieved. Nevertheless, the relatively strong bond obtained is a fairly satisfactory result for industrial applications.

C:P13  Glass-ceramic Sealing Layers for the Integration of Oxygen Transport Membranes in Planar Devices
P. FEDELI, S. DE LA PIERRE, A. CAMMI, A. CAVALIERE, V. NIGRONI, V. MARZAROLI, E. MALGRATI, M. FERRARIS, Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico - RSE SpA, Milano, Italy

Oxygen Transport Membranes (OTMs) can be employed in different applications, like oxy-fired industrial processes or catalytic membrane reactors. To this purpose, monolithic modules where the membranes are housed in a metallic frame must be designed and manufactured. The sealing of the OTMs to the module chassis is a technological challenge, since it must provide both gas tightness and long-term stability at the device operating conditions (T > 800 °C).
In the last years, RSE and Polytechnic University of Turin have carried out joint activities to develop glass-based sealings between ceramic OTMs and metals for high-temperature operation. We investigated different combinations of membrane/sealant/metal materials, in order to achieve the best matching among the expansion behavior of the joining partners. Promising results were obtained using two different sealants, i.e. (i) a custom-made glass employed for 3D-printed joints between single phase La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ membranes and the superalloy Inconel625, and (ii) a commercial glass sealing tape applied for joints between dual phase Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ - SrTi0.8Fe0.2O3-δ membranes and the stainless steel Crofer22APU.

C:P14  Electrocatalytic Properties Evaluation of FeNiMoWCuN High Entropy Alloy Thin Films Fabricated by Magnetron Sputtering: Effect of Nitrogen Contents
BIH-SHOW LOU^1,2, GAO-ZHENG DAI³, JYH-WEI LEE^3,4,5,6, ¹Chemistry Division, Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; ²Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan; ³Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan; ⁴Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan; ⁵College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; ⁶High Entropy Materials Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

Since the pioneering work on high entropy alloys (HEAs) by Prof. Yeh and co-workers in 2004, research on HEA materials has attracted worldwide attention owing to their exceptional and tunable properties. Among various HEA systems, certain HEA thin films have demonstrated great potential as electrocatalysts, benefiting from their unique multicomponent structures and compositional flexibility. In this study, FeNiMoWCuN HEA thin films with varying nitrogen contents were fabricated on Si wafers and nickel foams using the magnetron sputtering technique by adjusting the nitrogen gas flow ratio. The effects of nitrogen incorporation on the film composition, microstructure, phase structure, surface roughness, and electrochemical performance were systematically investigated. Electrochemical measurements and water-splitting experiments of the HEA films were carried out in 1.0 M KOH aqueous solution. The hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction performance were thoroughly analyzed. The results indicate that FeNiMoWCuN HEA thin films with an optimized nitrogen content exhibit superior catalytic activity, highlighting their strong potential for electrode surface modification in water-splitting applications.

C:P15  Controlled Oxidation of Ultraflat Single-crystalline Cu Thin Films grown by Atomic Sputtering Epitaxy
SU JAE KIM¹, SANG-EON PARK^1,2, SE-YOUNG JEONG^3,4, ¹Crystal Bank research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea; ²Korea Quantum Matter Core-Facility, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea; ³School of Transdisciplinary Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea; 4Department of Physics, KAIST, Deajeon, Korea

Ultraflat single-crystalline Cu thin films were grown via atomic sputtering epitaxy (ASE) to investigate oxidation behavior without grain boundaries. Unlike polycrystalline Cu films, which undergo rapid random oxidation at room temperature via grain boundary diffusion, ASE-grown films exhibit superior oxidation resistance. Upon thermal treatment, oxidation proceeds in a controlled layer-by-layer manner, enabling precise thickness control. Eliminating grain boundaries suppresses stochastic oxidation and enables tuning of oxide phase and thickness, resulting in distinct optical color variations from the Cu oxide layer. Structural analysis confirms epitaxial formation of Cu₂O (111) on Cu (111), evidencing a layer-by-layer oxidation mechanism. Notably, this control is achieved in both Ar–O atmospheres and ambient air. The simultaneous formation of a strongly bonded Cu electrode and functional oxide layer (Cu₂O/CuO) through a single deposition and annealing step provides a practical platform for oxide electronics, photovoltaic, and photoelectrochemical applications.
This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (RS-2024-00406152, RS-2024-00455226) and KBSI (NRFEC) grant funded by MOE (2021R1A6C101A429)

C:P16  Stream-Jet Coating for High-Throughput Fabrication of Low-Pt PEMFC Catalyst Layers
SHIN AE SONG, HYUN A CHO, SANG-HO LEE, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan, Republic of Korea

Reducing platinum (Pt) usage while maintaining performance is a key challenge for the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, a micro multi-nozzle (μ-MN) jet coating process was used to fabricate low-Pt catalyst layers with improved process control and scalability. Key coating parameters, including nozzle diameter, channel length, jetting pressure, and printing pitch, were optimized to achieve uniform thin-film catalyst layers. Surface and structural analyses showed that the μ-MN jet coating process produces thinner and more uniform catalyst layers compared to a conventional doctor blade (DB) method. Surface roughness was reduced, indicating improved coating uniformity. Electrochemical evaluation revealed that the μ-MN jet-coated membrane electrode assembly (MEA) exhibited slightly lower initial performance than the DB-based MEA, but showed improved durability, with a smaller performance degradation after accelerated stress testing. In addition, the μ-MN jet coating process enabled rapid large-area coating, forming catalyst layers over ~160 cm² within a few seconds. These results suggest that the μ-MN jet coating process offers a scalable approach for fabricating low-Pt catalyst layers in PEMFCs.

C:P17  ALD-Engineered Surface Modification of PEMFC Catalyst Layers for Enhanced Water Management under Low-Humidity Conditions
HYUN A. CHO, SUNG NAM LIM, JU YOUNG WOO, JEONG-CHEOL SEO, SHIN AE SONG, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea

Stable operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) under low-humidity conditions remains a significant challenge due to insufficient water retention and membrane dehydration. Conventional approaches based on hydrophilic additives can cause non-uniform distribution and pore blockage. In this study, atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to modify catalyst layer surfaces. Conformal Al₂O₃ films were deposited by thermal ALD, with the cycle number tuned to control surface properties. SEM confirmed that the porous morphology was preserved, while contact angle measurements showed increased hydrophilicity. Electrochemical tests under 100%, 70%, and 50% RH revealed improved water retention and membrane hydration at low humidity. Optimized ALD cycles increased the current density by over 100% at 0.6 V under 50% RH, whereas excessive cycles reduced high-current performance due to mass-transport resistance. Overall, ALD-based oxide coatings enable controlled water management without compromising porosity, improving PEMFC performance under low humidity and providing a practical approach for optimizing ALD parameters.

C:P18  Preparation of Porous Anode Electrode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
I-MING HUNG^1,2, JU-YU HUNG¹, D. MOHANTY¹, ¹Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; ²Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) converts chemical energy from fuels like hydrogen and natural gas into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. The porous anode in SOFCs must exhibit high porosity and adequate permeability for gas diffusion, mechanical strength and a low coefficient of thermal expansion to minimize stress during temperature changes. In this study, a NiO/YSZ composite was prepared using ball milling. The slurry was formulated in a specific ratio by mixing NiO/YSZ with binder. Following uniform mixing, the slurry was absorbed into a sponge. Additionally, the sponge-like bulk materials were coarsened at temperatures of 1250 to 1450°C. The coarsened sponge-like bulks were subsequently crushed, sieved, and pressed into bar shapes. After high-temperature sintering and reduction in a reducing atmosphere, the bulks with different microstructures were characterized using XRD, SEM, three-point bending tests, and TMA. It was founded that as the coarsening temperature increases, the porosity of Ni/YSZ initially increases and then stabilizes. In terms of mechanical properties, the maximum flexural strength decreases initially and subsequently levels off with increasing coarsening temperature.

C:P19  Printing graphene by thermal extrusion
B. FERRARI¹, S. WISIKE², P. ORTEGA-COLUMBRANS², A. FERRÁNDEZ-MONTERO¹, Z. GONZÁLEZ^3,4, A.J. SÁNCHEZ-HERENCIA¹, ¹Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; ²COLFEED4Print S.L. (Technological spin-off of the Colloidal Processing group of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)), Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain; ³BioPrEn Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; ⁴Unidad Asociada CSIC-UCO, Fabricación Aditiva de Materiales Compuestos Basados en Celulosa Funcionalizada, Obtenida de Residuos de Biomasa, Córdoba, Spain

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the fabrication of 3D electrodes with enlarged active surfaces, enhancing electrochemical performance beyond conventional processing. Graphene offers exceptional electronic properties and a sustainable origin, yet suitable AM feedstock remain scarce. This work develops metal free conductive filaments for material thermal extrusion (MTE), using PLA composites with 15 vol.% colloidal graphene. Surface modification strategies improved graphene dispersion and interfacial bonding, promoting phase alignment during printing. The filaments were characterized thermally, mechanically, and electrically, and used to fabricate complex electrode architectures. Printed electrodes showed enhanced electrochemical behaviour, with tailored microstructures that increased conductive pathways and achieved high electrical conductivity (>1000 S·m⁻¹). Integrating graphene into AM feedstock advances next generation electrochemical devices and enables multifunctional materials for healthcare, energy, and industrial technologies.

C:P20  Coating Behavior and Adhesion Strength of CVD Processed HfC-HfB2 Layers
BYUNG-HYUK JUN, SUBHIN PARK, JISU LEE, DAEJONG KIM, HYEON-GEUN LEE, Materials Safety Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; HYUN JUN RYU, SANHA KIM, Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Next-generation hypersonic flight vehicles are exposed to extreme high-temperature environment exceeding 2000°C during re-entry and high-speed flight, particularly at the nozzle tips and leading edges of the wings. To maintain oxidation resistance and structural stability in such an aerospace environment, transition metal carbide and diboride coatings serve as protective layers. HfC exhibits a high melting point, excellent thermal conductivity and high-temperature strength. However, a limitation exists during the oxidation process; phase transformations occur, leading to volume expansion and crack formation. HfB2 can be added to HfC to enhance oxidation and wear resistance by forming a protective B2O3 layer, which fills in cracks and pores. HfC-HfB2 composite coating layers were prepared on graphite substrate using a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition in HfCl4-C3H6-BCl3-H2-Ar system. The uniform and dense HfC-HfB2 coatings were successfully deposited with varying the gas flow rates. XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, SEM and TEM were performed to analyze the phase, composition and microstructure of the coating layers. The scratch test results confirmed that the HfB2 coating demonstrated superior fracture resistance against mechanical friction compared to HfC or HfC-HfB2 coatings.

C:P21  Thermal diffusivity of (Hf0.5Zr0.5)B2-xSiC Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) exposed to Oxy-Acetylene Torch (OAT) test
M. BUCONI, M. NATALI, L. TORRE, R. ORRÙ, R. LICHERI, M. CASU, G. CAO, M. RALLINI, Terni, Italy

Thermal Protection System (TPS) materials are essential to manufacture many portions of nozzle assemblies of Solid Rocket Motors (SRMs). Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) can represent an intrinsically oxidation resistant alternative to Carbon/Carbon Composites (CCCs) when envisioned to produce near zero erosion throat inserts for SRMs. In current re-search, new Ultra High Temperature Ceramic (UHTC) formulations – namely, (Hf0.5Zr0.5)B2-xSiC - were tested through Oxy-Acetylene Torch (OAT) tests. Starting from the assumption of one-dimensional (1D) semi-inﬁnite solid, and constant thermo-physical properties, an approach permitting the exact solution of a 1D unsteady heat conduction problem was used to retrieve the thermal diffusivity of the UHTCs studied through the OAT tests. A 2nd protocol based on Inverse Heat Conduction Problem (IHCP)-techniques was also validated. Both approaches were effective for determining the thermal diffusivity of UHTCs exposed to high heating rates. A comparison of the thermal diffusivity of the tested ultra-high temper-ature ceramic formulations with other state-of-the-art UHTCs, was carried out. Finally, some technological considerations and solutions to integrate near zero erosion UHTC inserts into real SRM nozzle assemblies, were done.

C:P22  Feasibility of Direct Ink Writing for the Additive Manufacturing of Ceramic Matrix Composites for High-Temperature Applications
A. DE ZANET¹, R. GIOMETTI², A. DE MARZI², G. FRANCHIN², P. COLOMBO², A. KUMAR¹, ¹Leonardo Innovation Hub, Advanced Materials Lab, Leonardo S.p.A., Roma, Lazio, Italy; ²Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) remain niche materials primarily deployed in high performance sectors such as aerospace, energy, and motorsport. Their relevance lies in the combination of ceramic matrices, which provide chemical inertness, oxidation resistance, and high temperature stability, with reinforcing phases that alleviate the inherent brittleness of monolithic ceramics. This synergy enables lightweight structural components capable of operating under severe thermo mechanical conditions. Despite these advantages, large scale industrial adoption of CMCs remains limited. Additive manufacturing (AM) has reshaped the processing landscape of many materials by enabling complex geometries, reducing waste, and accelerating prototyping. However, the fabrication of CMCs via AM remains challenging due to issues related to feedstock formulation, integration of continuous reinforcements, dimensional stability during polymer to ceramic conversion, and retention of structural integrity. This work explores Direct Ink Writing (DIW) as a viable AM route for CMC production, combining printable pre ceramic polymers with continuous fiber reinforcement to fabricate architected composite structures.

C:P23  Fabrication, Mechanical and Oxidation Properties of Ultra High Temperature (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Mo0.2W0.2)B2-based Ceramics
M. CASU¹, A. MARIO LOCCI¹, G. CAO¹, S. GARRONI², R. ORRU¹, ¹Department of Mechanical, Chemical, and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; ²Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy

The difficult goal of synthesizing the (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Mo0.2W0.2)B2 ceramic as a single phase is attained in this work by combining the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) techniques. The use of relatively fine W precursors and the introduction of small amounts of graphite to the SHS powders provide a synergic contribution for the mitigation of kinetic limitations present during the synthesis of such high entropy boride, which generally leads to the formation of W-rich secondary phases. The 98.5 % dense and single-phase product obtained by SPS at 1950°C displays Vickers hardness of 26.8 GPa, whereas fracture toughness and oxidation resistance at high temperature are both inadequate. In the latter regard, the addition of 20 vol%SiC provided a marked increase of KIC value, from 2.32 to 5.11 MPa m1/2, for the additive free and SiC-containing systems, respectively. Moreover, the scarce oxidation resistance of the (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Mo0.2W0.2)B2 material, primarily caused by the volatilization of Mo- and W-oxides, is also correspondingly improved, due to the formation of silicate phases, which incorporates such volatile oxides.

C:P24  Mechanical and Tribological Performance of SiC/NbC Ceramic Composites Fabricated by Conventional and Reactive Processing
R. SEDLÁK, V. PUCHÝ, M. HRUBOVČÁKOVÁ, L. ĎAKOVÁ, I. SHEPA, A. KOVALČÍKOVÁ, P. HVIŠČOVÁ, O. PETRUŠ, T. CSANÁDI, Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Division of Ceramic and Non-Metallic Systems, Košice, Slovak Republic

In this study, SiC/NbC composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) using two distinct approaches: conventional powder consolidation (samples labelled SiCC) and partially reactive processing via in-situ SiC formation (samples labelled SiCR). NbC was introduced as a secondary phase in amounts of 5, 10, and 20 wt.% in the form of fine particles. The resulting composites were systematically examined in terms of microstructure, phase composition, and mechanical performance. Mechanical testing revealed that composites produced by reactive processing exhibited slight improvement in hardness and fracture toughness, which are attributed to strong SiC–NbC chemical interactions and refined microstructural features. Particular attention was given to the chemical incorporation of NbC particles into the SiC matrix, a crucial step toward the future reinforcement of the in-situ-grown SiC ceramic matrix, with interconnected, interwoven bonds of NbC fibers.
The author RS gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the following project: "Funded by the EU NextGenerationEU through the Recovery and Resilience Plan for Slovakia under the project No. 09I03-03-V04-00746.”

C:P25  Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Performance in Ultra-high Temperature Binary Carbide Systems
A. KOVALČÍKOVÁ, M. HRUBOVČÁKOVÁ, L. ĎAKOVÁ, R. SEDLÁK, D. ALBOV, P. HVIŠČOVÁ, O. PETRUŠ, T. CSANÁDI, Institute of Materials Research Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic

Ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are a specialized group of carbides of group IV and V transition metals, characterized by melting temperatures above 3300 K, high hardness, and excellent resistance to extreme environments. This study investigates the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of multicomponent carbides, including fifteen binary, one high-entropy carbide ((TiZrHfNbTa)C), along with six unary carbides for comparison. Powders were prepared by ball milling and consolidated by spark plasma sintering at 2100 °C under 70 MPa. Dense single-phase solid solution ceramics (>95% TD) were obtained, with minor oxide phases detected by XRD. Mechanical testing showed that increasing compositional complexity enhances hardness, elastic modulus, and strength. All multicomponent carbides exhibited high nanoindentation hardness (38–40 GPa), exceeding that of their constituents.
This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contracts APVV-21-0402, APVV-22-0493, by Scientific grant agency VEGA 2/0107/24, and by the project of Slovak Academy of Sciences IMPULZ IM-2022-67.

C:P26  High-Entropy Multi-Element Doping of LLZO for Room-Temperature Cubic Stabilization and Enhanced Li-Ion Conductivity
GYURI LEE, KYUNGSUN KIM, HAEJIN HWANG, Dep. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., Inha University, Incheon, South Korea

Solid electrolytes with superior thermal and mechanical stability are being pursued as safer alternatives to liquids in next-generation lithium batteries. Among them, Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZO) is highly promising, but achieving the high-conductivity cubic phase at room temperature remains challenging. Beyond conventional single- or dual-element doping, high-entropy multi-element doping—introducing several dopants in equimolar or near-equimolar ratios—has recently emerged as a route to simultaneously improve structural stability and Li-ion transport. Here, we synthesize high-entropy LLZO by a solid-state route using diverse multi-element substitutions at the Zr site. Dopant combinations and ratios are systematically varied to elucidate their effects on phase stability and transport. X-ray diffraction confirms robust stabilization of the cubic garnet phase, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrates enhanced room-temperature Li-ion conductivity relative to conventional doping strategies. These results indicate that high-entropy multi-element doping is a promising design principle for optimizing LLZO-based solid electrolytes. Further tuning—particularly through complementary La-site doping—may unlock additional performance gains for all-solid-state battery applications.

C:P27  Processing and Structure of High Entropy Electrolytes
M. BIESUZ, University of Trento Levent Karacasulu, University of Trento; A. SARKAR, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

High-entropy oxides are attracting growing interest as electrolytes for Li-ion batteries. Despite the substantial research interest, their defect structure is still poorly understood, as well as how non-conventional processing can improve their microstructure (and eventually properties). Herein, we investigate the defects of high entropy rocksalts by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. This showed that the introduction of Li-doping in the structure substantially changes the positron lifetimes, signaling the formation of point defects. Furthermore, we investigate how a fast heating process can improve the structure and the microstructure of the sintered electrolytes.

C:P28  Investigation of Novel High-Entropy Rare-Earth Aluminium Garnets
D. VISTORSKAJA, A. KATELNIKOVAS, A. KAREIVA, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania

Since the early 2000s, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted significant research attention due to their unique multicomponent design. This high-entropy concept stabilizes single-phase structures by maximizing configurational entropy through the random distribution of multiple elements, suppressing phase separation and promoting solid solution formation at equimolar compositions. High-entropy oxides (HEOs) exhibit stable single-phase structures with unique cation interactions, unlocking novel functional properties and broad application potential. Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) is a well-known host material for luminophores. The garnet structure provides broad compositional flexibility through three distinct cation sublattices, allowing A-site Y(III) ions to be substituted with various rare-earth elements and B/C-site Al(III) ions to be replaced with transition or post-transition metals. This structural adaptability supports high lanthanide doping level without concentration quenching, making YAG a key material in the field of fluorescence. The main objective of this work is to synthesize new high-entropy rare-earth aluminium garnets using the sol-gel method and to investigate their structural features, surface morphology, and luminescent properties.

C:P29  High-entropy Titanate Based Perovskite Oxides for Capacitive Energy Storage
A. PARYAB, V. SHVARTSMAN, D. LUPASCU, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

High-entropy titanate-based perovskite oxides are of high importance in capacitive energy storage due to having high saturation polarization, high breakdown strength and low remnant polarization. in this work the effect of addition of alkaline elements and Bi and La to the system of Ba,Ca,Sr was evaluated through two methods of sol-gel and solid-state. it was found that all compounds in these systems show relaxor bahavior and their energy storage capacity ranges from 0.5 to 2 J/cm3. the bismuth based samples are superior in terms of energy storage capability and show their transition temperature near RT while the Lanthanum based samples have lower dielectric permittivity and lower storage uptake having their transition temperature lower than 100 K. also it was found that sol-gel derived samples in all compositions are able to produce higher polarization. this outcome stems from their lower crystal size and higher homogenity. it was likewise noticed that their polarization loops are wider due to more barriers in the way of dipoles switching.

C:P30  In Situ Synthesis of MXene-Perovskite Interfaces in 3D Carbon Catalysts Boosts Aerobic Oxime Oxidation
E. ROMERO SALICIO, A. ANOUAR, H. GARCÍA, A. PRIMO, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Intituto de Tecnologia Quimica, Valencia, Spain

The development of heterogeneous catalysts for liquid-phase aerobic oxidation is of significant interest for sustainable chemical processes. Herein, we report the synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) porous graphitic carbon spheres incorporating Mn+1Cn-type MXenes (M = Ti, V, Nb), obtained by delamination of MXene nanosheets within chitosan-based aerogels followed by pyrolysis. The Nb2C-based material exhibited superior catalytic performance due to the in situ formation of a Nb2C–NaNbO₃ heterostructure within the carbon matrix. This 3D Nb2C/NaNbO₃ catalyst achieved 100% yield in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexanone oxime to cyclohexanone within 6 h, with negligible metal leaching. Control experiments confirmed the crucial role of the heterojunction, as neither Nb2C nor NaNbO₃ alone showed comparable activity. Mechanistic studies (hot filtration, quenching tests, and EPR spectroscopy) indicate that the reaction proceeds via reactive oxygen species, mainly superoxide and hydroperoxyl radicals, generated at the catalyst surface. This work highlights an effective strategy for designing MXene-based heterostructures for efficient and sustainable oxidation reactions.

C:P31  Laser Assisted Joining of SiC/SiC
K. PANDEY, M. FERRARIS, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy; M. DE MADDIS, Department of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy

SiC/SiC composites are widely valued for their superior mechanical strength and thermal stability in high-temperature applications. However, joining these materials remains challenging due to the non-melting nature of SiC. This study investigates localized, pressure-less joining using an infrared diode laser, with a focus on comparing different joining materials, including glass-ceramic systems and particle-reinforced fillers. The influence of key processing parameters—such as laser power, interaction time, and focal positioning—is examined to optimize joint quality. Mechanical performance is evaluated through push-out tests, while microstructural characterisation is done using computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, a comparative analysis between laser-based joining and conventional furnace joining is presented, highlighting differences in microstructure, process feasibility, and joint performance. The results demonstrate the potential of laser-assisted joining as a precise and flexible alternative for fabricating robust SiC/SiC joints in advanced high-temperature systems.

C:P32  Vibrational Properties of Ti3C2T2 (T = Cl, Br) MXenes
M. RIABOV, H. ROUSSEL, T. OUISSE, H. PAZNIAK, UGA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble Cedex 1, France; A. CHAMPAGNE, ICMCB, CNRS, Pessac Cedex, Bordeaux, France

We investigated the vibrational properties of high-quality Ti3C2T2 (T = Cl, Br) MXenes synthesized via a Lewis acid molten salt (LAMS) route. Raman spectroscopy revealed sharp and well-resolved modes for both chloride- and bromide-terminated MXenes, confirming their structural order and homogeneous surface termination. Polarization-dependent Raman measurements coupled with DFPT calculations enabled assignment of mode symmetries and showed excellent agreement with experimental data. A systematic redshift of vibrational modes from Ti3C2Cl2 to Ti3C2Br2 is attributed to the larger mass and lower electronegativity of bromine, resulting in softer Ti–T vibrations and enhanced polarizability. In situ temperature-dependent Raman experiments in argon atmosphere revealed reversible modes’ shifts and linewidth changes, evidencing anharmonic effects and vibrational stability. These results highlight the strong sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy to MXenes’ surface chemistry and underscore its power as a fingerprint technique for probing and distinguishing terminations.

C:P33  A Comprehensive Framework for Surface Energy Calculations: Bridging Theoretical and Experimental Predictions from Layered van der Waals Solids to MXenes
G. RIBEIRO PORTUGAL¹, NINGJUN CHEN¹, Y. GOGOTSI^2,3, J. ROSEN^1,3, ¹Materials Design, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Sweden; ²A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, USA; ³Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE), Linköping University, Sweden

Surface energy (SE) dictates wettability, interfacial adhesion, and reactivity in low-dimensional materials. Yet, it remains largely uncharted for most 2D van deer Waals (vdW) solids, despite their growing appeal to several applications. To bridge this gap, we introduce a density functional theory framework to systematically compute the SE of 2D layered materials. Benchmarking against experimental data for 2D vdW materials confirms its accuracy in predicting SE trends. Extending the model to multilayered Ti_n+1C_nT_2 MXenes (T = O, F, Cl, Br, I, and n = 1-3) reveals how surface terminations modulate the polar and dispersive SE components. To validate these predictions, we synthesized Cl- and I-terminated Ti_3C_2 via a molten-salt route and measured their contact angles, reporting the first experimental SE values for halogen-terminated MXenes and observing excellent agreement with theory-based predictions. Further analysis shows that partial surface functionalization lowers the SE of halogen-terminated MXenes, suggesting coverage-dependent design strategies. By correlating surface chemistry, surface energy components, and wettability, this work provides a predictive basis for rational surface engineering of surface engineering of MXenes and, more broadly, of 2D vdW materials.

C:P34  Rapid and Selective Detection of Metal Ions with a Gold-MXene Plasmonic Interface for Water Quality
S. ALI¹, O. GOGOTSI², A. RAMANAVICIUS³, S. RAMANAVICIUS¹, ¹Department of Electrochemical Material Science, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania; ²Materials Research Center, Kyiv, Ukraine; ³Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania

Plasmonic sensors are an emerging area of research for environmental and biological applications, particularly in water quality testing, due to their high sensitivity and selectivity. These sensors operate on the principle of a shift in Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR), with analyte interaction. The advanced plasmonic sensors has been significantly aided by nanomaterials like 2D materials. Herein, we demonstrated a room-temperature plasmonic sensor based on gold-functionalized MXene for detection of trace amounts of Hg²⁺ metal ions in water. The detection mechanism relies on the adsorption of Hg²⁺ ions onto the gold modified MXene surface, which alters its Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR). The gold-modified MXene sensor developed in this study showed a concentration-dependent response to Hg²⁺ ions. The LSPR signal at 580 nm, exhibited a progressive increase in intensity accompanied by a redshift of the λmax by up to 20 nm. Our MXene based sensors demonstrates high selectivity against competing metal ions. It successfully detected the target analyte in both deionized and tap water. In conclusion, this research expands the application of MXene in versatile plasmonic sensors application.

C:P35  EMI Shielding and Rheological Properties of MXene-magnetic Particle Composites Dispersed in an Epoxy Matrix
B.W. LEE, YOUNG-SEOK KIM, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, South Korea; I.S. HWANG, J.W. LEE, B.G. CHO, NOROO Paint & Coatings, South Korea

MXene has attracted attention for its excellent electrical conductivity and EMI shielding properties. However, since commercial paints are complex composites composed of various ingredients, applying MXene to paints requires ensuring its dispersion characteristics within polymers, its compatibility with other solid contents, and its reactivity and dispersibility. We investigated the EMI shielding and rheological properties of MXene-magnetic particle composites dispersed in an epoxy matrix. Surface modification of MXene promoted stable dispersion and strong interfacial interactions with the polymer, while the introduction of magnetic particles enhanced the dielectric–magnetic loss synergy, resulting in excellent multi-band EMI shielding efficiency. A systematic analysis of the filler content revealed that at high concentrations, strong shear-thinning behavior and a significant increase in storage modulus, suggesting limitations for coating processes. In contrast, at low concentrations, reduced viscoelasticity and the occurrence of a coffee-ring effect during spray coating indicated poor flow stability. These results demonstrate that the composition and distribution of fillers play a critical role in balancing shielding efficiency, processability, and microstructural uniformity.

C:P36  Mitigating Kinetic Asymmetry in Lithium-rich Transition Metal Oxides through Disorder-engineered Structures for Lithium-ion Batteries
KYOJIN KU, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Korea

Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) have emerged as promising cathode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. Despite their advantages, the practical application of LLOs remains limited by several critical challenges, including voltage decay upon cycling, low tap density, and sluggish lithium-ion diffusion kinetics, particularly during the discharge process. To address this fundamental issue of kinetic asymmetry and its detrimental effect on lithium-ion diffusion, we synthesized LLO compounds as disordered structure. Attributed to the reduced driving force for the transition metal (TM) migration in disordered structure at charged state, it presented symmetric local environment during charge and discharge, thereby alleviating the inherent asymmetry in migration behavior. This approach effectively mitigates the TM migration asymmetry, which in turn improves the lithium-ion diffusion kinetics. These findings demonstrate that the strategic introduction of structural disorder can serve as an effective design principle for overcoming the intrinsic limitations of LLOs, offering a new pathway toward the development of high-energy-density cathode materials with improved rate capability, stability, and energy efficiency.

C:P37  Unique All-Paper Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Enabled by Carbon Nanotube Composite Paper
YI KOU¹, TAKAHIDE OYA^1,2, ¹Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan; ²Semiconductor and Quantum Integrated Electronics Research Center, Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan

In this study, paper-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using carbon nanotube composite papers (CNTCPs) developed in our previous study. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely studied for their remarkable properties, including chemical stability, high thermal and electrical conductivities, and structure-dependent electronic characteristics ranging from metallic to semiconducting. However, CNT powders are often difficult to handle during manufacturing. To address this, we developed CNTCPs by integrating CNTs with paper pulp, providing a flexible, lightweight, and CNTs' electrical conductivity. The CNTCPs were employed as both the photoanode substrate and the counter electrode, thereby completely replacing the conventional Pt/FTO glass structure. ZnO was deposited on semiconducting-type CNTCPs to form the photoanode, while metallic-type CNT/PEDOT:PSS composite paper served as the counter electrode, exhibiting excellent conductivity (4–7 Ω cm⁻²). Under AM1.5G illumination, the fabricated paper-DSSC achieved a power conversion efficiency of 0.46% (Isc = 6.98 mA, Voc = 0.40 V, FF = 0.166), with a peak value reaching 0.89%. Therefore, the validity of this approach was confirmed and expected to help in the future practical application of paper-DSSCs.

C:P38  A Study on the Thermodynamic Properties of CO2 for Storage and Transport
SEUNGMIN LEE, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technologies are becoming increasingly important for achieving carbon neutrality, and interest in large-scale transport of liquefied carbon dioxide (LCO₂) has been rapidly growing. Korea has been actively developing LCO₂ cargo handling systems based on shipbuilding and marine engineering. In such systems, complex thermo-fluid phenomena, including pressure drop, heat transfer, and phase change, may occur in connecting pipelines, affecting the stable flow of liquid CO₂. Sudden operational changes can lead to dry ice formation, while the presence of water may induce CO₂ hydrate generation, causing two-phase flow instabilities that reduce transport efficiency and threaten mechanical integrity. This study designed and constructed an experimental facility to simulate multiphase flow behavior in CO₂ transport pipelines. In-situ visualization of gas–liquid flow under varying velocities revealed clear transitions in flow distribution and regimes, with slug flow and unstable patterns observed under specific conditions. The hydrate formation boundaries were experimentally determined in terms of temperature and pressure, and the effects of hydrate and dry ice formation on flow blockage were evaluated.

C:P39  Study on Carbon Particle Capture in Methane/Hydrogen Flames Using Electric Fields
DAE GEUN PARK, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan-shi, Republic of Korea

Hydrogen, as a carbon-free fuel, has gained attention for its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. While hydrogen combustion eliminates CO and CO₂ emissions, its high flame temperature increases thermal NOₓ formation. Therefore, before achieving complete hydrogen combustion by 2050, it is essential to develop stable co-combustion technologies with fossil fuels by 2030. The application of electric fields in combustion has been shown to influence flame behavior and reduce pollutant emissions. In this study, a DC electric field was applied to methane/hydrogen diffusion flames to investigate flame behavior, exhaust characteristics, and carbon particle capture. Negatively charged carbon particles, influenced by the Lorentz force, migrated toward the positive electrode and were captured on its surface. This particle capture contributed to the suppression of CO and CO₂ formation, demonstrating the potential of electric-field-assisted carbon reduction in hybrid fuel systems. Detailed findings will be presented at the conference. This research was supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE) and the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) under the research grant (’RS-2024-00430798’)

C:P40  Engineered Interlayers as Robust Polysulfide Barriers in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
DOOHUN KIM, JUN-WOO PARK, SE WON HAN, GEON-WOONG LEE, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, Republic of Korea

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) offer high theoretical energy density and the low cost of sulfur, making them attractive for next-generation energy storage. Yet, their practical performance is still constrained by sluggish sulfur redox kinetics and, more critically, the lithium polysulfide (LiPS) shuttle caused by soluble intermediates, which accelerates capacity fading and limits rate capability. This presentation focuses on engineered interlayers designed to function as robust polysulfide barriers, simultaneously suppressing LiPS migration and promoting rapid, reversible sulfur conversion. We highlight key interlayer design strategies—particularly mesoporous and surface-functionalized architectures—that provide physical confinement, strong chemical adsorption, and catalytic mediation of LiPS species. Together, these approaches offer a practical pathway to improved cycle life, higher Coulombic efficiency, and enhanced rate performance in LSBs.

C:P41  Oxygen-Functionalized SWCNT Scaffolds Enabling Ultra-Flexible 1 Ah Lithium–Sulfur Pouch Cells with Suppressed Polysulfide Shuttle
JUN-WOO PARK, DOOHUN KIM, SE WON HAN, GEON-WOONG LEE, JUNYOUNG HEO, DONG-HEE KIM, HAWON GU, GEUNMI KIM, SUHYEON LIM, JOOHYUN KIM, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, Republic of Korea

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered promising next-generation energy storage systems due to their high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg⁻¹) and low material cost. However, practical implementation remains limited by poor sulfur conductivity, severe polysulfide (Li₂Sₓ) shuttle, and instability of lithium metal anodes. Here, we report a scalable architecture employing oxygen-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (Ox-SWCNTs) as both (i) a conductive fibrous scaffold for free-standing sulfur cathodes and (ii) a functional interlayer coated on commercial polyethylene separators. Controlled oxidation of SWCNTs tunes bundle size and introduces oxygen-containing functional groups that promote strong chemical adsorption of Li₂Sₓ via Li–O bonding, while maintaining a highly conductive three-dimensional network. The optimized High Ox-SWCNT cathodes deliver 805 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at 0.1C and retain high capacities exceeding 630 mAh g⁻¹ at 1C. When integrated as separator interlayers, Ox-SWCNTs effectively suppress polysulfide diffusion, reduce interfacial resistance, and improve Coulombic efficiency. Importantly, by combining Ox-SWCNT-based cathodes and interlayers, we successfully demonstrate a large-area, ultra-flexible Li–S pouch cell (>1 Ah)

C:P42  Cold Sintering of Geopolymer Powders
L. LATTANZI¹, A. SIN^1,2, J. MENA GARCIA³, C. RANDALL³, P. COLOMBO^3,4, ¹ITT Motion Technologies, Via Molini, 19, Barge (CN), Italy; ²UniTO-ITT Joint Lab, Torino, Italy; ³Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; ⁴Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

Conventional casting methods for geopolymer (GP) production often result in long curing times and limited mechanical performance. This study explores the cold sintering process (CSP) as a rapid densification technique for GP powders with 10 wt% moisture. CSP, originally developed for ceramics, was applied using mild isostatic pressure (70 MPa) and moderate temperature (150°C), completing in just 10 minutes. The resulting consolidated GP bodies showed excellent chemical stability (resistance to boiling), high densification (>90% theoretical density), and strong mechanical properties: flexural strength of 30 MPa and compressive strength >200 MPa, without post-sintering thermal treatment. SEM, EDS, and NMR analyses revealed that densification was driven by homogeneous dissolution–precipitation, consistent with pressure solution creep. Dilatometric monitoring confirmed a low activation energy of 21.7 kJ/mol. These results highlight CSP as a promising method for the rapid fabrication of high-performance GP-based components, with potential applications in composites, high-temperature-resistant systems and hazardous waste encapsulation.

C:P43  Turning Aluminium Salt Slag into High-Performance NaP Zeolite for Sustainable SO2 Adsorption
I. PADILLA, M. ROMERO, A. LÓPEZ-DELGADO, "Eduardo Torroja" Institute for Construction Science, IETcc-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; J. CASAS, A. NIETO-MÁRQUEZ, Higher Technical School of Engineering and Industrial Design, Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain

In the context of sustainable inorganic materials, one of the key challenges is the transformation of industrial waste into functional materials. Emissions of SO₂ from industrial processes are a major cause of air pollution and acid rain, which in turn threaten ecosystems and human health. Against this backdrop, this study explores the potential of a waste-derived NaP zeolite as an efficient SO₂ adsorbent. The results showed that when shaped into spherical particles suitable for a fixed-bed configuration, the zeolite exhibited excellent kinetic performance. At an SO₂ concentration of 10,000 ppm, the Elovich constant (k= 0.243 g/mg·min) indicated efficient chemisorption on a heterogeneous surface, and the pseudo-second-order rate constant (k₂ = 0.00229 g/mg·min) confirmed its suitability for dynamic adsorption. A fixed-bed column was designed using the Thomas model to operate at 105 °C and atmospheric pressure, with a diameter of 1.8 m and a height of 5.36 m. Under these conditions, a flow of 10,000 L/h of SO₂ (10,000 ppm) was reduced by 80% after 3.81 hours. These results demonstrate the potential of waste-derived NaP zeolite as a sustainable and efficient adsorbent for industrial gas purification.

C:P44  Development of Sustainable Geopolymeric Catalysts from Industrial Residues and Waste-Derived Activators
D. ELICHE-QUESADA^1,2, S. LEÓN-GUTIÉRREZ¹, P. DELGADO-PLANA^1,2, L. PÉREZ-VILLAREJO^1,2, J.A. CECILIA³, A. INFANTES-MOLINA³, ¹Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Jaén, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain; ²Center for Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, Energy and Environment (CEACTEMA), University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain; ³Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Crystallography, and Mineralogy, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain

The present study explores the synthesis and characterization of geopolymeric materials formulated from industrial residues as a platform for CO₂ utilization and catalytic applications. The work focuses on the use of construction and demolition waste (CDW) as aluminosilicate precursors, combined with alternative activators synthesized from spent diatomaceous earth and waste glass. These activators replace conventional sodium silicate solutions, significantly reducing the environmental footprint associated with alkali activation. A series of formulations were prepared varying the Si/Al ratio and incorporating secondary additives such as silica fume, Al₂O₃, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and small amounts of metallic aluminum to tailor the textural and acidic properties. The samples were cured, acid-treated, and calcined to develop catalytic functionality. Structural and textural characterization (N₂ physisorption, NH₃-TPD, and CO₂ isotherms) revealed specific surface areas up to 250 m²/g and moderate acid site densities (0.15–0.28 mmol NH₃/g). Catalytic tests in propane dehydrogenation demonstrated that vanadium-modified geopolymeric catalysts achieved higher propylene yields (up to 3.5%) and improved CO selectivity compared to chromium analogues, attributed to the balanced acidity.

C:P45  Circular Economy Applied to the Development and Recovery of Functional Construction Materials in Aggressive Environment
D. ELICHE-QUESADA^1,2, S. LEÓN -GUTIÉRREZ¹, P. DELGADO-PLANA^1,2, S. BUENO-RODRÍGUEZ, L. PÉREZ-VILLAREJO^1,2, ¹Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Jaén, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain; ²Center for Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, Energy and Environment (CEACTEMA), University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain

The construction industry is seeking sustainable alternatives to Portland cement, especially in harsh environments where conventional concrete has technical and environmental limitations. The CIRMAT-OIL project develops one-part mortars through alkaline activation, formulated entirely from regional waste: chamotte, biomass ash, and recycled glass, in line with the principles of circular economy and decarbonization. Pilot formulations have been optimized for the storage of liquid effluents from the olive oil industry, characterized by high acidity and organic load. The proof of concept includes prolonged exposure to real waste, microstructural monitoring, and comparison with conventional concrete, evaluating durability, technical feasibility, and potential for industrial scaling. These sustainable waste-based binders are expected not only to offer competitive technical performance but also to contribute to the valorization of local by-products, reduction of CO₂ emissions, and lower maintenance costs. The project aims to demonstrate an integrative model of applied research, waste recovery, and technology transfer, with potential applications in the agri-food industry, WWTPs, and DWTPs, promoting sustainability and competitiveness in the construction sector.

C:P46  Design and Synthesis of Alkaline-activated Materials with Tunable Porosity for Water Pollutant Adsorption
L. PÉREZ-VILLAREJO^1,2, S. BUENO-RODRÍGUEZ^1,2, D. ELICHE-QUESADA^1,2, L. HEJJI^1,2, Y. LUNA-GALIANO³, ¹Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Jaén, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain; ²Center for Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, Energy and Environment (CEACTEMA), University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain; ³University of Seville, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Seville, Spain

The most widely used materials for the treatment of polluted water and wastewater are activated carbons and zeolites. However, these materials present certain limitations in their application, such as the high cost of activation, the significant environmental impact of their production, difficulties in regeneration, and the restrictions imposed by their narrow micropore size distribution, which limit their efficiency in aqueous systems. Alkaline-activated materials (AAMs) represent a promising alternative, showing good performance as they reduce pressure drop, increase contact time, improve mass and heat transfer, are easily regenerable, and are low-cost. AAMs are inherently porous materials, similar to zeolites; however, while zeolites are typically microporous, AAMs are mesoporous. The present study explores unconventional manufacturing methods for the fabrication of AAMs, such as 3D printing, focusing on the control of their rheological properties. At a second stage, these AAMs are applied to the removal of emerging pollutants, heavy metals in cationic form (Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Cs), metals/metalloids in anionic form (Cr, As, Se, Sb), as well as nitrates and phosphates. This work aims to demonstrate the suitability of AAMs as adsorbents for use in real process waters.

C:P47  Scalable Dion-Jacobson Perovskite Oxide Nanosheets for High-k Dielectric Applications
JI-WON CHOI, Electronic and Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul & Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea

We report a scalable synthesis of Dion–Jacobson phase perovskite oxide nanosheets and their dielectric functionalities. Layered KSr2Nb3O10-based ceramics were synthesized via a solid-state route, followed by sequential proton exchange and tetrabutylammonium ion-assisted exfoliation to obtain ultrathin, single-crystalline nanosheets. Compositional tunability was achieved through controlled A-site substitution (e.g., Ag, Bi, Co), enabling systematic modulation of structural and electronic properties. The resulting nanosheets exhibit a high dielectric constant (k ≈ 20–30) with low dielectric loss over a broad frequency range, originating from their well-defined ionic layering and intrinsic quantum-well-like potential profiles. Notably, the dielectric response remains stable across several orders of magnitude in frequency, indicating suppressed interfacial polarization and minimal defect-induced relaxation. Leveraging these dielectric properties, the nanosheets have been successfully integrated into diverse device platforms, including low-voltage thin-film transistors, resistive switching memristors, artificial synapses, and multilayer dielectric energy-storage systems.

C:P48  Defect and Schottky Junction Engineering in Au-Decorated CuO Nanowires for Room-Temperature NO2 Sensing
MYUNG SIK CHOI, Department of Nano & Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; JAE-HUN KIM, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea

Room-temperature operation of oxide semiconductor gas sensors remains challenging due to limited carrier activation and unstable surface reactions. In this study, Au-decorated CuO nanowires were designed to engineer both defect states and interfacial junctions for enhanced electronic modulation. Controlled Au loading induced oxygen vacancies and altered the Cu valence state, while simultaneously forming Schottky junctions at the Au and CuO interface. The optimized nanocomposite exhibited significantly improved NO2 sensing performance at room temperature, which is attributed to the combined effect of defect-mediated adsorption and junction-controlled charge transport. In particular, defect-induced modulation of the hole accumulation layer and Schottky barrier formation contributed to amplified resistance change upon gas exposure. In contrast, excessive Au loading resulted in particle agglomeration and transition from Schottky to Ohmic contact, weakening the sensing response due to reduced barrier modulation. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated high selectivity toward NO2 and stable operation under varying humidity conditions. These results highlight that precise control of defect chemistry and interfacial electronic structure is critical for tailoring charge transport behavior.

C:P49  Zeeman-type Spin Splittings in Strained ????-wave Altermagnets
YAHUI ZHAI, LONGJU YU, JIAN LV, WEI ZHANG, HONG JIAN ZHAO, Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, China

Recently, altermagnetic materials have become rather attractive because such materials showcase the combined advantages of ferromagnets (e.g., spin current) and antiferromagnets (e.g., a low stray field and ultrafast spin dynamics). Symmetry arguments imply that ????-wave altermagnets may host strain-induced nonrelativistic Zeeman-type spin splittings (ZSSs), and a theoretical, numerical, and experimental justification of such phenomena are of high necessity. In the present paper, we work with collinear spin point groups (SPGs) and use a symmetry analysis to identify 15 SPGs that host strain-induced nonrelativistic ZSSs. These 15 SPGs coincide with the cases associated with ????-wave alternating spin splittings reported in the literature. We further corroborate our analysis by first-principles numerical simulations, which indicate that a shear strain of 2% creates sizable nonrelativistic ZSSs of up to 177, 100, and 102 meV in CoF2, LiFe2⁢F6, and La2⁢O3⁢Mn2⁢Se2 ????-wave altermagnetic semiconductors, respectively. Our work suggests an alternative route toward creating spin current in altermagnets, which may be used to design altermagnetic-based spintronic devices.

C:P50  Performance Enhancement of InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistors by Contact Barrier Modulation Using Oxygen Defects
TAEYOUNG KIM, YOONSOK KIM, JUNTAE AHN, EUN KYU KIM, Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) has attracted attention as a channel material of display back-plane TFTs because it has excellent electrical characteristics. In this study, we have studied the effect of barrier-controlled electrodes on characteristics of amorphous a-IGZO TFTs using an interlayer with modulated oxygen defects. Interlayers of a-IGZO with different electrical resistivities were controlled with various oxygen ratios during the RF sputtering deposition. As the ratio of O2/(O2 + Ar) was increased from 0 to 20%, the carrier concentration decreased from 2.84×1E18 to 1.56×1E14 cm−3 and the electrical resistivity increased from 0.12 to 9600 Ω·cm. To control the contact barriers between the a-IGZO TFT channel and both the source and drain electrodes, a-IGZO thin layers with different resistivities were inserted. In the case of a-IGZO TFT with a low resistivity interlayer, the threshold voltage (Vth) was shifted by −4.1 V compared to the reference device without an interlayer. In addition, on/off ratio, subthreshold swing, and mobility of the devices were also enhanced by achieving ohmic contact. In contrast, the performance of a-IGZO TFT with a high resistivity interlayer were improved also, showing a positive Vth shift of 1.5 V.

C:P51  Development of Advanced Luminescent Glass-ceramic 3D Structures
M. MICHÁLKOVÁ¹, M. GHADAMYARI², A. CIBRÍNOVÁ², J. KRAXNER², R. KLEMENT², D. GALUSEK^1,2, ¹Vitrum Laugaricio – Joint Glass Centre of the IIC SAS, TnU AD, FChPT STU and RONA, a.s., Trenčín, Slovak Republic; ²FunGlass – Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, TnUAD, Trenčín, Slovakia

A key economic limitation of YAG-based phosphors ceramics for LEDs applications is the requirement for extremely high sintering temperatures and extended dwell times (e.g., 1840 °C for 8 hours), which increases production costs and energy use. This challenge can be mitigated through the phosphor-in-glass (PiG) approach: phosphor powder is blended with a low-melting transparent glass frit, then densified via viscous flow sintering at much milder temperatures (600–800 °C). This study focuses on developing innovative PiG-based luminescent materials by incorporating a variety of luminescent microspheres—specifically YAG:Eu, YAG:Pr, YAG:Ag, YAG:Er...—instead of relying on a single phosphor type. The approach leverages 3D printing techniques to fabricate components in diverse shapes and structures (both dense and porous). Layer-by-layer AM enable tailoring the optical properties on demand, enabling customized emission profiles, color mixing, and spatial control within the final material.
Funded by the EU Next Generation EU through the Recovery and Resilience Plan for Slovakia under project No. 09I03-03-V04-00198. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Slovak Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport, and APVV-23-0352.

C:P52  Suppression of Via-Sidewall Damage in Glass Interposers via Femtosecond Burst-Mode Laser Drilling
JAEBEOM LEE, JIYONG PARK, Advanced Packaging Integration Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Recent advancements in 2.5D packaging technologies have driven significant interest in employing glass as an interposer substrate due to its favorable mechanical and electrical properties. Femtosecond lasers are widely utilized to fabricate Through Glass Via (TGV) structures in such glass interposers. However, thermoelastic and shock waves generated during femtosecond laser drilling can induce micro-damage around the vias, compromising the reliability of densely spaced interconnect structures. To ensure high reliability in packaging, minimizing damage during laser processing is crucial. In this study, a femtosecond burst mode, where a single pulse is divided into a series of sub-pulses, was applied to suppress damage typically observed in single-pulse machining. The effect of burst mode on via sidewall quality and the mechanical characteristics of the surrounding region was systematically analyzed. The results demonstrate that the burst-mode approach effectively mitigates stress concentration and microcrack formation around the vias, enabling a damage-free fabrication process for high-density TGV structures.

C:P53  Fabricating Luminescent Ceramics Derived from Mesoporous Powders by Spark Plasma Sintering
BEIYING ZHOU, WAN JIANG, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R. China

Transparent ceramics, with excellent thermal/chemical resistance, high visible transparency, and high thermal diffusion, are ideal matrices for luminescent materials. Dispersing enables tailored properties, but conventional methods require high temperatures (1873–2573 K), hindering controllable synthesis and material protection. Preparation is challenged by volatile, unstable embedded materials prone to decomposition. This poster presents a novel Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) route for stable monolithic luminescent ceramics, allowing integration of temperature-sensitive materials. It further highlights SPS progress and advantages in developing light-emitting ceramics containing nanocrystals, perovskites, and phosphors. SPS’s fast, low-temperature sintering preserves dopant size, shape, surface topography, and optical properties, similar to untreated counterparts, ensuring full protection.

C:P54  Water-induced Plasticity in Hydrated Soda Lime Silicate Glass
R. MEGGIOLARO, L. KARACASULU, M. BIESUZ, University of Trento, Trento, Italy

Reducing the probability of surface flaw formation is of paramount relevance in brittle materials, where the mechanical resistance is dictated by the critical defect size through Griffith’s law. Herein, we show that a hydrothermal treatment can substantially change the surface properties of soda-lime silicate glass, altering the chemistry, structure (short and medium range), and optical and mechanical properties. Specifically, we show that the formation of a hydrated layer significantly changes the refractive index, while increasing the glass's ability to be plastically deformed (nanopillar compression tests). Simultaneously, a redistribution of the Qn units is observed, and the medium angle evolves through a substantial evolution of the inter-tetrahedral bonding angles. Finally, the water intercalation in the glass structure modifies its glass transition temperature and stress relaxation behavior. Taken together, all these results highlight the relevance of water in silicates with implications spanning from materials science to engineering and geosciences.

C:P55  Ultrafine-Bubble-Assisted Zeolite Synthesis from Coal Ash
TAKAYUKI NURUYU^1,2, AYAKA TSUTSUMIUCHI², KENJI SHIDA¹, SHINFUKU NOMURA³, MOTOHIDE MATSUDA¹, ¹Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan; ²FKG Corporation Inc., Japan; ³Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Japan

Coal ash, a major by-product of coal-fired power plants, poses a serious environmental challenge. In Japan, over 1.4 million tons of coal ash are landfilled annually. We have treated coal ash using ultrafine-bubble-containing solutions for zeolite synthesis in a 60 kg/batch pilot system. The formation of zeolite P at 98 °C was enhanced using solutions with ultrafine bubble concentrations above 10⁸/mL. Powder X-ray diffraction showed distinct zeolite P peaks after 2 h in hydrothermal treatment, whereas 5 h was required in conventional solutions without ultrafine bubbles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed differences on the surface of coal ash spheres after 1 h, suggesting accelerated formation of zeolite P or its precursor in ultrafine-bubble solutions. Hydrothermal treatment for 4 h with ultrafine bubbles yielded a cation exchange capacity (CEC) of about 2.3 mol/kg, which was higher than that obtained without ultrafine bubbles. The enhanced CEC results from accelerated zeolite P formation. These results demonstrate that ultrafine-bubble-containing solutions effectively promote hydrothermal zeolite P synthesis from coal ash.

C:P56  Toward Sustainable Porcelain Stoneware: Valorization of Local Raw Materials and Industrial Waste
S. CONTE, CNR-ISSMC, National Research Council, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics; F. COLOMBO, R. FANTINI, A.F. GUALTIERI, M. SISTI, R. ARLETTI, Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

Driven by the need to reduce the environmental impact of ceramic tile production and the increasing difficulty in sourcing natural raw materials, the ceramic industry has intensified its efforts to optimize resource use. This can be achieved through a circular economy approach and by exploiting local raw materials to minimize supply chain impacts. In this context, we developed a sustainable ceramic product composed of a mixture of local raw materials (from EU outcrops) and waste derived from the thermal inertization of rock wool. The inertization process produces an inert, non-hazardous solid glass, which was used in both the ceramic body and glaze. Laboratory-scale industrial simulations delivered excellent results: all technological parameters met the standards for porcelain stoneware, and the inclusion of inertized waste allowed a reduction in firing temperature. The most promising formulations were successfully scaled up, producing 20 × 30 cm tiles in a pilot plant.These results confirm the potential of this waste as a valuable secondary raw material and demonstrate that combining recycled and local resources enables the production of high-quality, sustainable porcelain stoneware.
The research financed by Project FAV4CER (MASE CUP E93C23002050006)

C:P57  Analysis of Thermal Transformations and Characterization of Raw and Calcined Phosphogypsum from Djebel Onk Phosphate
A. GRAIRIA^1,2, S. TLILI¹, A. AZZI¹, A. MEBREK¹, W. GHENNAI¹, ¹Research Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI, Cheraga, Algiers, Algeria; ²Foundry Laboratory, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria

Phosphogypsum, a major by-product of phosphoric acid production from phosphate ore, has industrial valorization potential but is limited by its initial composition and structure. This study focuses on the complete characterization of raw and calcined phosphogypsum at low temperatures, obtained by calcining raw phosphate from Djebel Onk. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show a progressive transformation of dihydrated gypsum into hemihydrate and then into anhydrite with increasing temperature, accompanied by a significant morphological change. Furthermore, the calcination of raw phosphate leads to a decrease in carbonate phases and an increase in apatite crystallinity, influencing the final composition of phosphogypsum. These thermal transformations are confirmed by the water losses observed in DSC and the modifications of the functional bands in FTIR. The study highlights the importance of controlling the calcination conditions to optimize the quality of phosphogypsum for its industrial use.

C:P58  Influence of the Nature of the Exogenous Siliceous Source on Mullite Formation from Hydrodesulfurisation (HDS) Catalyst Waste
M. ROMERO, R. CARRIZOSA, I. PADILLA, A. LÓPEZ-DELGADO, Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences (IETcc-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; A. DE NONI Jr., Postgraduate Programme in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil

Valorising industrial waste aligns with the circular economy principles, aiming to transform discarded materials into valuable secondary raw materials. This study explores the use of spent HDS residue, which is rich in Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, as a precursor for synthesising mullite (3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂). However, HDS residue contains insufficient silicon to achieve mullite stoichiometry, requiring an additional silica source. The nature of this source strongly influences the reaction kinetic and formation temperature of the mullite phase. This work evaluates the effect of the silicon source (rice husk ash and diatomaceous earth waste) on the onset temperature of mullitisation and the crystallinity of the final product. Stoichiometric mixtures (Al:Si molar ratio of 3:2) were prepared and thermally treated within the 1200–1450 °C range. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the reactivity of the silicon source is critical as highly amorphous sources promotes mullite nucleation and growth at lower temperatures. A clear correlation was found between the initial structure of the siliceous source and the mineralogy of the fired material, as more amorphous sources consistently yield a higher mullite content.

C:P59  Data Driven Classification of Ceramic Raw Materials and Secondary Wastes through Chemical Fingerprinting and PCA Mapping
M. BANDINI, S. ALBONETTI, A. ALLEGRI, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; S. MARETTI, SACMI Imola S.C., Imola, (BO), Italy

The ceramic industry is increasingly involved in the transition toward a circular economy, requiring the integration of heterogeneous secondary raw materials and industrial wastes into ceramic bodies. A major limitation to their reuse is the difficulty in predicting technological behaviour, still often assessed through time consuming trial and error procedures. This work proposes a rapid, objective and industrially oriented workflow for the classification of both primary ceramic raw materials and secondary wastes. The approach is based on chemical fingerprinting through X ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of major oxides, combined with multivariate analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The resulting PCA space provides an interpretable material map, where fluxes, glassy materials, refractory or inert components, carbonatic residues and clay rich wastes form distinct groups consistent with their ceramic functionality. New secondary materials can be projected onto this map and quantitatively compared with industrial reference raw materials, enabling fast preliminary screening and supporting mixture design with reduced experimental effort.

C:P60  Influence of the CaO and Glass Phase Content on the Temperature Dependence of Young’s Modulus and Thermal Cycling Behavior of Silica Refractories
E. GREGOROVÁ, W. PABST, P. ŠPRINGER ŠIMONOVÁ, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (UCT Prague), Czech Republic; P. BEZDIČKA, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež, Czech Republic

The temperature dependence of Young’s modulus and thermal cycling behavior is relatively well investigated for silica refractories in general. However, mainly open questions remain in detail. In particular, the influence of the CaO and glass phase content on the high-temperature properties and cycling behavior may be used to achieve better material tailoring for specific applicational goals (e.g. better dimensional stability in thermal energy storage) but has not been systematically investigated so far. In this contribution the temperature dependence of Young’s modulus is studied via the impulse excitation technique (IET) during heating and cooling with maximum cycling temperatures between 1100 and 1500 °C (three cycles). The resulting curves are compared, both mutually and with recently published literature data, and the differences are interpreted in terms of differences in the CaO and glass phase contents as determined via X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, respectively. Anomalies in these temperature dependences are attributed to phase transitions of cristobalite and tridymite as well as effects of glass phase softening and other minor effects, e.g. the dissolution of (pseudo-)wollastonite in the glass phase at higher temperatures.

C:P61  Interfacial Engineering in Carbon and SiC fiber Reinforced SiC Composites: Brittle Failure to Damage-Tolerant Behaviour via Dip-Coated hBN Interphase
E. SHRIYA, B.V. MANOJ KUMAR, Tribo-Ceramics Lab, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India

SiC composites are superior structural ceramics but brittle nature limits its function. Low-cost carbon fibers offer higher strength and SiC fibers are emerging as next-gen reinforcements due to thermal suitability. Focusing interfacial characteristics via interphase is vital for its performance. Here dip coating with optimised parameters is employed as cost-effective technique to form hBN interphase. Slurry impregnation-spark plasma sintering is an economical process to sustainably develop interfacial engineered fiber reinforced SiC composites, in contrast to common chemical routes. SiC composite w/o or with C or SiC fibers, w/o or with hBN are evaluated. SPSed SiC ceramics showed intergranular fracture due to nano sized SiC, and despite C fibers composite showed brittle failure by fiber breaking. hBN aptly allowed pseudo ductile failure by extensive fiber debonding & pullouts, and strength & toughness increased above 100%. While thermal mismatch by C fibers led to macro cracks, SiC fibers reduced residual stresses & cracks in matrix causing improved strength & stability. Systematic comparison of SiC composites developed via unique & efficient DC-SI-SPS route provides in-depth correlation between reinforcement, interphase design & performance for advanced structural applications.

C:P62  Hungarian Centre for Heterogeneous Integration and Packaging (HChiP)
K. BALAZSI, C. BALAZSI, HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary

Hungarian Centre for Heterogeneous Integration and Packaging, strengthening Hungary’s role in the European semiconductor ecosystem and connecting national capabilities with Europe’s Chips for Europe initiatives. As a regional entry point, HCHiP supports companies, startups, SMEs, and researchers by providing access to semiconductor expertise, advanced infrastructure, training programmes, and the wider European ecosystem, including Pilot Lines and the EU Chips Design Platform. A key focus of HCHiP is to bridge research, education, and industry, helping organisations translate technological know-how into real-world applications — particularly in the field of heterogeneous integration and advanced packaging.

C:P63  Point-contact Enhanced Superconductivity in Trigonal PtBi2
O.E. KVITNITSKAYA^1,2, L. HARNAGEA^1,3, G. SHIPUNOV¹, S. ASWARTHAM¹, D.V. EFREMOV¹, B. BÜCHNER^1,4, Yu.G. NAIDYUK², ¹Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, Dresden, Germany; ²B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine; ³I-HUB Quantum Technology Foundation, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India; ⁴Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

We observed enhanced superconductivity in point contacts (PCs) based on a type-I Weyl semimetal t-PtBi2 using both normal metal (Ag, Cu, Pt) and ferromagnetic (Fe, Co, Ni) tips by measuring the differential resistance dV/dI(V) curves. In most cases, the value of the superconducting critical temperature Tc ranges between 3 and 5 K, which is several times higher than the bulk Tc. At the same time, among dozens of PCs with higher Tc, a few of them reach Tc up to 8 K, including those with both normal and ferromagnetic tips. The critical magnetic field is also highly enhanced in PCs and reaches up to several Tesla. The common reason for the Tc increase may be related to pressure/strain caused at the PC formation. Moreover, a higher increase in Tc is observed for PCs created at the edge of the sample flake compared to those made on the plane. The results also reveal that the increase of Tc in PCs based on t-PtBi2 is compatible with ferromagnetism in Fe, Co and Ni tips, initiating discussion as to the possible non-trivial nature of enhanced superconductivity. Anyway, our findings suggest that t-PtBi2 is a promising candidate for realizing topological superconductivity at more accessible temperatures.

C:P64  Enhancing Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Deposition on 3D-Printed Al₂O₃/5%vol ZrO₂ Scaffolds via Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Activation
R. CASTANEDA-BAUTA, Postgraduate Programme in Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil; J.A. FERREIRA, Department of Biosystems Engineering, FZEA, USP, Brazil; F. CAIXETA NUNES, Postgraduate Programme in Materials Science and Engineering, FZEA, USP, Brazil; C. ALVES Jr., Postgraduate Programme in Materiais Science and Engineering, Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Brazil; E. MJA PALLONE, Postgraduate Programme in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biosystems Engineering, FZEA, USP, Brazil

3D-printed scaffolds of Al₂O₃ with 5 vol% ZrO₂ were treated with Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet (APPJ) as a preconditioning step to promote calcium phosphate (CaP) formation. Two plasma activation strategies were evaluated: (i) direct APPJ activation of the nanocomposite surface, and (ii) combined activation of both the surface and the simulated body fluid (SBF) prior to immersion. Following treatment, scaffolds were coated with CaP using the biomimetic method, which replicates physiological mineralization conditions. The coated materials were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). APPJ significantly improved surface hydrophilicity and introduced functional groups that enhance CaP nucleation. Samples with direct surface activation exhibited the highest CaP formation compared to combined and untreated controls. XRD revealed HAp, α-TCP, β-TCP, and TTCP phases, with HAp showing the highest peak intensities and areas, indicating superior deposition efficiency. SEM confirmed uniform CaP coatings with enhanced coverage and adhesion. These results demonstrate APPJ as an effective, non-thermal technique to optimize biomimetic coating on ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

C:P65  Comparative Effects of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Activation and Phosphoric Acid Pretreatments on Biomimetic CaP Coating and Cellular Response in 3D-Printed Alumina Scaffolds
J.A. FERREIRA, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil; R. CASTANEDA-BAUTA, F. CAIXETA NUNES, Postgraduate Programme in Materials Science and Engineering, FZEA, USP, Brazil; C. ALVES Jr., Postgraduate Programme in Materiais Science and Engineering, Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Brazil; E. MJA PALLONE, Postgraduate Programme in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biosystems Engineering, FZEA, USP

3D-printed ceramic scaffolds were fabricated from commercial alumina (Al₂O₃) filament using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and biomimetically coated with calcium phosphates (CaPs) for bone substitute applications. The study aimed to assess the impact of surface pretreatments on CaP coating efficiency. Scaffolds underwent two pretreatments: (i) Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet (APPJ) and (ii) chemical etching with phosphoric acid. Untreated scaffolds served as controls. All were then immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for CaP coating. Characterization used micro-computed tomography (µCT), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and in vitro tests with pre-osteoblastic cells. µCT showed interconnected pores for bone ingrowth. XRD confirmed crystalline CaP (mainly hydroxyapatite). SEM confirmed uniform CaP coatings with higher density on pretreated samples. FTIR showed stronger phosphate bands in APPJ group, indicating more CaP. In vitro results: APPJ-pretreated CaP-coated scaffolds greatly improved cell adhesion, proliferation, and viability vs. etched and untreated. 3D printing with APPJ pretreatment optimizes CaP coating and cell response, advancing alumina scaffolds for bone regeneration.

C:P66  PEG Linker-Assisted Heparin–Dopamine Functionalization for Enhanced Antithrombotic and Endothelialization Performance of Vascular Grafts
TAE HEE KIM, CHAE HWA KIM, Textile Innovation R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan, Korea

Synthetic vascular grafts remain limited in small- and medium-diameter applications due to thrombosis and insufficient endothelialization. Although heparin improves hemocompatibility, its activity is often reduced by unstable immobilization and limited surface accessibility. In this study, a PEG linker-assisted heparin–dopamine coating strategy was applied to enhance antithrombogenicity and endothelial responses. Heparin–dopamine (Hep-DA) and heparin–PEG–dopamine (Hep-PEG-DA) conjugates were synthesized and immobilized on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). PEG linkers improved heparin stability and surface exposure, resulting in enhanced hydrophilicity and uniform coating formation. Hep-PEG-DA surfaces showed reduced platelet adhesion and sustained anticoagulant activity. Heparin release was more controlled, with suppressed initial burst and improved long-term retention. The coating maintained its performance across different substrate structures, indicating robust interfacial applicability. VEGF was immobilized via heparin affinity, and endothelial cell behavior was evaluated using HUVECs. PEG-linked grafts promoted cell migration and proliferation. These results demonstrate that Hep-PEG-DA functionalization improves hemocompatibility and endothelialization of vascular grafts.

C:P67  Decellularized ECM-Incorporated Hybrid Nanofibers with Hierarchical Micro/Nano Structure for Biomedical Applications
CHAE HWA KIM, TAE HEE KIM, Textile Innovation R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan, Korea

Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has attracted attention in regenerative medicine due to its ability to retain biological cues for cell adhesion and tissue repair. However, its use as a sheet-type material is limited by poor processability and low mechanical stability. To address this, skin-derived dECM was combined with electrospinning to fabricate composite nanofiber sheets.
dECM was prepared using an electron beam-assisted decellularization process, which reduced residual DNA while preserving key extracellular matrix components. The material showed stable quality and met basic safety requirements. The purified dECM was blended with polycaprolactone (PCL) and electrospun into nanofiber sheets. Stable fiber formation was achieved over a wide compositional range. Increasing dECM content induced a secondary spiderweb-like nanonetwork between primary fibers, forming a hierarchical micro/nano fibrous structure. Crosslinking maintained structural integrity and reduced residual solvents. Fibroblast studies showed that dECM-containing sheets promoted higher cell attachment and proliferation than PCL-only controls, while maintaining good cell viability. Moderate dECM content provided a balance between structural stability and biological activity.

C:P68  Ultrafast Multiplexed Photothermal Digital PCR Using Oligo(Phenylene-Ethynylene)
KYONG-CHEOL KO, Korea Preclinical Evaluation Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Periodontal disease results from an imbalance between bacterial complexes and the host immune system, yet its diagnosis remains limited by time-consuming procedures, long processing times, and high costs. In this study, we present an ultrafast, highly sensitive, and multiplexed plasmonic photothermal-based digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) platform for periodontal disease diagnosis. The system integrates a novel plasmonic photothermal dPCR chip with photothermal materials and organic interfacial components. This platform enables the simultaneous detection of biofilm-forming bacteria (Streptococcus mutans), red complex bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis), and orange complex bacteria (Campylobacter rectus and Prevotella nigrescens). Multiple target genes were amplified over 45 cycles within 14 minutes, followed by fluorescence signal acquisition within 9 minutes. The method demonstrated a detection sensitivity as low as 10¹ copies/μL in both standard samples and bacteria-spiked artificial saliva. Additionally, multiplex PCR confirmed simultaneous detection of four bacterial species, highlighting its potential as a rapid point-of-care diagnostic tool.

C:P69  Siderophore-Functionalized Nanodrug Platform for Targeted Photothermal Therapy of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Preclinical Evaluation
JINYEONG KIM¹, KYONG-CHEOL KO¹, JAI EUN AN², OH SEOK KWON², ¹Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; ²SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Republic of Korea

The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria highlights the urgent need for next-generation therapeutic strategies with translational potential. Here, we present a siderophore-functionalized gold nanoparticle-based nanodrug platform (AuNP-NSC) designed for targeted antimicrobial therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This platform exploits bacterial iron acquisition pathways to achieve receptor-mediated uptake, enabling selective intracellular delivery. Upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, AuNP-NSC induces a strong photothermal effect, resulting in efficient bacterial eradication. In vitro studies demonstrated over 95% bacterial killing with minimal cytotoxicity to mammalian cells, confirming its high selectivity and safety. Preclinical evaluation in a murine skin infection model revealed that AuNP-NSC significantly reduced bacterial burden, accelerated wound healing, and prevented systemic complications such as sepsis. Importantly, no significant toxicity was observed in hematological, biochemical, or histopathological analyses. Overall, this study establishes a clinically relevant nano drug platform that integrates targeted delivery, photothermal therapy, and favorable safety profiles.

C:P70  Freeze–thaw Resistance of Metakaolin Geopolymer Pavers
A. TESOVNIK, V. DUCMAN, Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Laboratory for Cements, Mortars and Ceramics, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Geopolymers, as environmentally friendly binders, offer a sustainable alternative to conventional binders through reduced CO₂ emissions and the ability to utilize industrial waste or natural precursors. Despite their promising mechanical and chemical properties, some aspects of the durability of metakaolin-based geopolymers under harsh environmental conditions remains insufficiently explored. In particular, degradation during freeze–thaw in the presence of deicing salt represents a research area that must be addressed to ensure reliable implementation of geopolymer technology in real-world construction applications, especially in cold climates. In this study, several metakaolin-based geopolymer mixtures were prepared with varying activator dosages and mix designs to investigate their performance under freeze–thaw and freeze–thaw with de-icing salt exposure. Paver-shaped specimens were tested to evaluate changes in surface hardness, surface scaling, and microstructure after cyclic exposure to moist freezing simulating real world conditions. The surface hardness was measured before and after testing to correlate mechanical properties with observed durability behavior. Microstructural changes were further examined using scanning electron microscopy and mercury porosimetry.

C:P71 Enhanced Chemoselective Hydrogenation of 4-Nitrostyrene over Pd/TiW-Based MAX Phase and MXene Catalysts
M.M. TRANDAFIR, University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Bucharest, Romania/ National Institute of Materials Physics, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania; B. FAVELUKIS, D.A. GOLDSTEIN, M. SOKOL, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; I.M. CHIRICA, M. FLOREA, National Institute of Materials Physics, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania

The selective hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds is essential to produce fine chemicals, however, achieving chemoselectivity in the presence of multiple reducible functional groups remains challenging. Palladium is highly active for hydrogenation reactions but often exhibits limited selectivity. In this work, (TiW)2AlC and (TiW)3AlC2 MAX phases and their corresponding MXenes were investigated as supports for Pd nanoparticles (0.5 wt.%) in the selective hydrogenation of 4-nitrostyrene. Pd/(TiW)2AlC and Pd/(TiW)2CTz catalysts achieved complete conversion of 4-NS within 10 min with 100% selectivity toward 4-ethylnitrobenzene. Pd/(TiW)3AlC2 and Pd/(TiW)3C2Tz exhibited lower initial activity and the origin of this behavior remains under investigation. Notably, MXene-supported catalysts maintained activity and selectivity over at least four consecutive reaction cycles, whereas the corresponding MAX-phase catalyst rapidly deactivated after the second cycle. The enhanced stability of MXene-based systems suggests stronger anchoring of Pd NPs, likely promoted by surface terminations (-O, -OH, -F) and higher surface polarity, leading to stronger metal-support interactions.
MMT acknowledge PNRR/2022/C9/MCID/I8/No.760056/23.05.2023 project.

C:P72  Fluorescent Rhodamine and Coumarin Derivatives for MXene-Based Optical Sensors
M. EL FERGANI¹, B.-C. ENACHE^1,2, M.-A. MOLENȚA¹, A. HANGANU^1,3, C. C. POPESCU¹, M. FLOREA⁴, A. SALIC^1,5, M. MATACHE^1,6, ¹University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Research Centre of Applied Organic Chemistry, Romania; ²SC Microsin SRL, Department of Research and Development, Romania; ³Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry “C.D. Nenițescu” of the Romanian Academy, Romania; ⁴National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, Măgurele, Romania; ⁵Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; ⁶Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Bucharest, Romania

Fluorescent materials are widely used in optical sensing due to their high sensitivity, rapid response, and compatibility with spectroscopic techniques. Rhodamine and Coumarin derivatives are particularly attractive fluorophores because of their high fluorescence quantum yields, strong absorption, excellent photostability, and tunable emission properties. Structural modifications can further enhance their sensing performance. Recently, MXenes have emerged as promising 2D nanomaterials owing to their unique optical properties, high conductivity, and abundant surface functional groups. Integrating Rhodamine and Coumarin fluorophores with MXene platforms may improve fluorescence response, sensitivity, and signal transduction, enabling advanced applications in environmental monitoring, chemical sensing, and biomedical diagnostics. In this work, novel Rhodamine and Coumarin derivatives were synthesized and characterized by 1H/13C NMR and mass spectrometry (MS), confirming their structures and purity. The prepared fluorophores are designed to serve as active fluorescent components for integration with MXene-based platforms.

16th International Ceramics CongressPoster Presentations

Cimtec 2026

16th International Ceramics Congress
Poster Presentations