CO-8
- Iron and steelmaking practices shifting from the blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace process route to a direct reduced iron/electric arc furnace route.
- Other carbo-thermal/non-carbo-thermal processes being studied for potential CO2 reductions, along with their likely impact on containment material needs. This would include processes for producing Al, Cu, glass, and/or cement.
- Industrial chemical processes, such as those used to synthesize gas for chemical and power generation for lower temperature processing or for using non-fossil energy carbon sources.
- Strategies for the electrification of the manufacturing process of ceramics using electrodes, microwaves, induction heating or plasma burners