CO-1

Natural raw material and their characterization and performance – including changing industry needs, reductions in energy consumption to produce raw materials and raw material sustainability
Novel/improved refractory raw materials and additives (natural and synthetic) to meet changes in refractory performance needs (wear, corrosion, or thermal management/insulation)
Raw material phase relationships and reactions occurring during product installation, sintering, or use that impacts microstructure development and/or product performance
Application of spent refractory reuse/recycling and their characterization after second life
Novel binder systems